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2/10/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5040-2/10/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Doomsday Clock 2026: Scientists set new time
Maintained by scientists since 1947, the Doomsday Clock is a symbol that represents the estimated likelihood of a human-caused global catastrophe, such as nuclear threats, climate change, and disruptive technologies. The initial setting of the clock was seven minutes to midnight, where some sort of nuclear exchange or catastrophic climate change wipes out humanity. It was wound back to 17 minutes in 1991 when the first Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) was signed by the US and the Soviet Union. However, the clock has been wound forward continuously since then and was set at 85 seconds to midnight last month, due to ongoing wars and armed conflicts in many parts of the world, rising nuclear proliferation, and effects of climate change, as major countries have become more aggressive, adversarial, and nationalistic. Also feared is the rapid growth and use of AI, which could exacerbate misinformation and disinformation. Are only powerful or influential governments responsible for advancing the clock’s hand? In fact, personal actions can also make a difference to help mitigate the climate crisis. Water and energy conservation, proper recycling, and the reduction of food waste could all help slow, or even reverse, the clock’s movement.  
Read the article and learn how close the world has become to Doomsday.

2/09/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5039-2/9/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The surprising benefits of standing on one leg
Standing on one leg is a more physically demanding exercise than you might think. It strengthens ankle stabilizers, calf muscles, quadriceps, hamstrings, and glutes while improving stability. Also, how long you can stand on one leg is a good indicator of your ability to balance, neurological function, and how well you’re ageing. That’s because starting from our 30s, we lose muscle mass as much as 8% in each decade. Also, our brain’s ability to integrate information from the eyes, sense the body position and the ground, and balance our body, declines as we age. Single-leg training exercises help us improve balance control and joint stability, and reduce the risk of falls. This simple exercise of standing on one leg doesn’t take so much of your time. You can stand on one leg while you’re brushing your teeth, watching TV, or chatting on the phone. Just be careful not to fall during the exercise.
Read the article and learn about what standing on one leg does to you and your ageing.

2/08/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5038-2/8/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Spain plans to give half a million undocumented migrants legal status
In the last four decades, the total fertility rate in Spain has been well below the reproduction level of 2.1. However, its population has grown from 40 million to nearly 50 million in the last 25 years, mostly due to immigration. Now, a little over 80% of the Spanish population is White Europeans, about 8% are Latin Americans, and the rest came from other places. Since Spain’s population is aging and the fertility rate has been declining, the contribution of young immigrants is essential for its economy, social security system, and communities. Last month, Spain’s government announced that it would grant legal status to half a million or more undocumented immigrants living and working in the country for at least five months as of the end of last year. While the US is brutally cracking down, detaining, and deporting undocumented immigrants and revoking visas, Spain is trying to legalize immigrants for them and for the country.
Read the article and learn about Spain’s latest immigration policy.

2/07/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5037-2/7/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
When something goes wrong at 186 mph: Inside the fast-reaction world of high-speed train drivers
High-speed rail (HSR) is a rail transport network that runs trains at speeds of over 200 km/h on upgraded tracks and 250 km/h or faster on dedicated tracks. The first HSR, the Shinkansen, appeared in Japan in 1964. Now, China has the world’s longest operational network of 50,000 km, followed by Spain’s 4,000 km, France’s 3,500 km, Germany’s 3,300 km, and Japan's 3,000 km network, all at a top speed of 300 km/h or faster. Despite their punishingly fast speeds, HSEs are safer than any other mass transport. For example, Japan’s 62-year-old Shinkansen network has had no operational derailment accident but two, both of which were caused by major earthquakes. However, accidents will happen. Last month, a Madrid-bound high-speed train derailed in Spain, killing 45 and injuring nearly 300. Then what is it like to design, build, operate, maintain, and drive such high-speed mass transport trains? 
Read the article and learn about the world of HSR.

2/06/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5036-2/6/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
US officially leaves World Health Organization
Under the first Trump administration, the U.S. withdrew from the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in October 2017 and the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) in June 2018. It also announced its intention to withdraw from the World Health Organization (WHO). After the next presidential election, these withdrawals were reversed by the new administration under Joe Biden. However, after his reelection, the second Trump administration initiated the withdrawal from the WHO, UNESCO, and dozens of other international organizations and institutions. After the one-year notice period, the USA formally exited from the WHO on January 22, leaving unpaid dues of $260 million for 2024-2025.
A UN research report shows that during the COVID-19 pandemic under the first Trump administration, the US response was so slow and mismanaged that the US recorded one of the highest death rates in the world. Now, the administration said it would work with other countries bilaterally for disease surveillance and information sharing without specifying which countries. Will the threat-and-deal tactic work to prevent, prepare for, and respond to health crises?
Read the article and learn about another isolating initiative by the US administration.

2/05/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5035-2/5/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Climber Alex Honnold scales 101-floor skyscraper without safety gear
Taipei 101 is an iconic 508-meter-tall, 101-story skyscraper in Taipei, Taiwan. It had been the world’s tallest building from 2004 until Burj Khalifa was built in 2009. On January 25, a 40-year-old American rock climber, Alex Honnold, climbed the skyscraper without ropes, safety nets, or other equipment. The 91-minute nail-biting climb was streamed live on Netflix with a few seconds' delay just in case of an accident. After completing the climb, Hannold said he hoped people watching could be inspired by his climb to pursue their own challenges or goals, and added, “It’s so great. What a nice day.”
Read the article and watch the video of his amazing climb in the heart of Taipei.

2/04/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5034-2/4/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why is Germany trying to build ‘Europe’s strongest conventional army’?
After Trump’s aggressive campaign to annex Greenland, Europeans seem to have lost confidence in the long-term ally. Those who value NATO and the EU are now seriously supporting the formation of a European NATO. Germany has already started reinforcing its military force, the Bundeswehr. It is going to spend over 100 billion euros on the defense budget, twice the 2021 spending, equivalent to 2.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) this year. Also, starting from this year, all German men turning 18 are required to fill out a digital survey about their personal details, physical fitness, education, and willingness to serve in the Bundeswehr, and also to attend a mandatory medical examination to check their fitness for military service. The country pledged to increase its active duty personnel to 260,000 within a decade from the 184,000 troops it has now. Germany is situated in the center of Europe, and was the hot spot in World War I, World War II, and the Cold War. It is now strengthening its armed forces to cope with a new threat from the east.
Read the article and learn why and how Germany is reinforcing its military forces.

2/03/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5033-2/3/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Like digging ‘your own professional grave’: The translators grappling with losing work to AI
Interpreters translate spoken language, such as speeches, phone calls, or conversations, in real-time. Their skills include public speaking, short-term memory, quick comprehension, and, of course, translation. They often work in conferences, hospitals, courtrooms, and business meetings, and are usually paid by the time. Translators work with written text, converting documents from one language to another. They need to be linguistically competent in writing and grammar, and also specialized in industry knowledge, terms, and situations. They can work anywhere and are usually paid per word or page, or sometimes by the hour.
In 2016, Google launched neural machine translation. It is now used by more than 500 million people daily across over 200 languages. Then in November 2022, the first generative AI for public use was released: ChatGPT. It added voice translation and a standalone translation tool in the following years. Now, if you travel abroad or encounter a foreign language speaker, you can simply speak to your smartphone for instant translation. As for meeting, Zoom and Microsoft Teams offer live translation and interpretation features to break language barriers in meetings.
So, what is the situation and future of interpreters and translators?
Read the article and learn how these language professionals are struggling to survive in the era of machine translation.

2/02/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5032-2/2/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Oldest cave painting of red claw hand could rewrite human creativity timeline
Homo sapiens, modern humans, moved from Africa into Europe and Asia, and overlapped and interbred with Neanderthals, extinct sister species, until 45,000 years ago. Early humans lived as nomadic hunter-gatherers until around 10,000 years ago, when they started domesticating plants, such as wheat, barley, or rice, and animals, like sheep, goats, cattle, or pigs.
Recently, on the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, a stencilled outline of a hand made with red pigment was found on the wall of a cave. The painting is estimated to be as old as 67,800 years, about 1,100 years older than a stencil found in Spain. The faded hand stencil, along with other spectacular cave paintings, is believed to be the world’s oldest rock art that has been found so far. Also, the finding indicates that Homo sapiens had reached Australia and New Guinea about 15,000 years earlier than previously thought. Only recently, the earliest Homo sapiens was found to have been around 700,000 years ago, 300,000 years earlier than the previous estimate. The history of humans is being rewritten both backward and forward.
Read the article and learn about the recent discovery of the oldest art.

2/01/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5031-2/1/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How cocoa substitutes could tackle ‘chocflation’
If you like chocolate, you probably are aware that the same chocolate product has become much more expensive than it was a few years ago. That is because cocoa prices have experienced an unprecedented surge due to a massive global supply shortage caused by drier weather conditions, the spread of diseases, and higher production costs. Chocolate brands, producers, and patissiers are struggling to maintain the taste, flavor, and affordability of their products with the precious ingredient, but there is only so much that they can do. Now, help might be on the way. A Singapore-based startup has developed a new cocoa-free cocoa powder called PreferChoc. The powder is produced by fermenting and roasting seeds and grains, whose cost and carbon footprints are significantly lower than those of real cocoa. The company has also developed coffee bean-free coffee substitutes, another commodity in short supply. Just like margarine and soy milk, chocolate and coffee substitutes might become popular substitutes soon.
Read the article and learn about chocolate and coffee substitutes from Singapore.

1/31/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5030-1/31/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The world has entered a new era of ‘water bankruptcy’ with irreversible consequences
Whatever you spend more than you get, you’ll run out of it sooner or later, whether it’s money, food, or water. If we use more water than it is naturally replenished by rain and snow, we’ll face water scarcity, or in the worst case, water bankruptcy. According to a new report by the UN, the term water crisis can no longer describe how serious water scarcity is now around the world because we are extracting too much water from rivers, lakes, wetlands, and underground aquifers at a much faster rate than they are replenished. In addition, climate change has put some regions severely drier for longer, including the Southwest USA, South Asia, the Mediterranean region, and Southern Africa. As the world population increases, urbanization expands, and more data centers are being built for AI, the world needs to work more on conservation than consumption.
Read the article and learn how serious the global water crisis is.

1/30/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5029-1/30/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
A hotline to report vapers and caning if you're caught: Singapore's e-cigarette crackdown
It is well known that the import or sale of chewing gum is prohibited in Singapore to keep the city-state clean and eliminate vandals by the sticky substance. Travellers are only allowed to bring in small amounts for personal consumption. As for smoking, it is still allowed, but only in designated smoking areas, on private property, or in private vehicles. However, just like drugs, importing, selling, or smoking of e-cigarettes (vapes) is completely banned in Singapore. Violators, including foreigners, are not only fined, but also could be jailed, mandated rehabilitation, or even caned. Recently, as K-pods, drug-laced vape pods that could cause hallucinations, seizures, or memory loss, have become popular on the black market, the authorities have been tightening their grip. But why are e-cigarettes banned while conventional cigarettes are allowed, which are proven to be harmful to health? In fact, the sale of e-cigarettes is banned in dozens of countries, including India, Thailand, and Mexico.
Read the article and learn why Singapore is tough on e-cigarettes.

1/29/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5028-1/29/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Here’s how AI data centers affect the electrical grid
A data center is a facility that houses IT infrastructure, such as servers, storage, and networking gear, to store, process, and distribute data and applications. Data centers are essential for cloud computing, AI, and the internet. They require massive amounts of both electricity to power servers and cool them. IT giants are now rushing to build more and larger data centers to meet the increasing need for immense computational power to train and run AI models. Accordingly, the demand for electricity is skyrocketing, which has set severe strains on the electricity market in the USA. In some areas around or near data centers, the electricity costs have doubled in recent years. To meet the increasing need for electricity, more fossil fuels are burned, and nuclear power is activated. In addition, data centers use a substantial amount of water for their cooling systems to absorb heat from equipment. This is going to add another strain on already scarce water resources in the USA. It seems that AI is an energy guzzler that places immense demands on power grids. And this problem isn’t limited to the USA.
Read the article and learn about the inconvenient truth of AI.

1/28/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5027-1/28/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Bonfires, dancing, pets: How Ukrainians are staying warm during the toughest winter in years
What is it like to live in sub-zero temperatures without heating or electricity? Even though most buildings are cold-resistant and people are used to enduring cold winters in Ukraine, life without heating and electricity is hardly bearable. This winter, Kyiv residents have been exposed to the harshest winter in two decades, with outside temperatures dropping as low as -19 degrees Celsius. As Russian strikes on civilian infrastructures intensify, Kyiv’s centralized district heating system and power supply have been interrupted or intermittent at best. When the room temperatures have gone down to 10 degrees, it’s just too cold to stay there, so many residents gather around bonfires or spend time in government-run help points to get warmed up, but just temporarily. To cope with such conditions, residents are now equipped with temporary relief tools, such as power banks, flameless electric candles, and electric blankets. It was March 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic broke out, and it was February 2022 when Russia started invading Ukraine. People in Ukraine haven’t enjoyed normal, peaceful lives for nearly six years, but they’ve become more resilient to difficulties, like during and after the last world war.
Read the article and learn how harsh this winter is for Ukrainians.

1/27/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5026-1/27/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
ISS SOS: The plan to leave a doomed space station - quickly
Earlier this month, four crew members from the International Space Station (ISS) returned to Earth a month earlier than scheduled due to a medical emergency of one of the crew members. It was the first medical evacuation in the 25-year history of the ISS. The space mission always has a ferry ship ready to take all the crew members back to Earth, but just one. That is why if something goes wrong with the space station or someone is in a medical emergency, all crew members need to leave the station together. Then what if the return spacecraft itself had a problem? In November last year, the spacecraft docked with the Chinese Tiangong space station was found to have damage from a fragment of orbiting space debris. China’s space agency took quick action by launching an unmanned replacement spacecraft in just 16 days and docking it with the space station in less than four hours. For crewmembers in a space station, the returning spaceship is their last resort lifeline.
Read the article and learn how space missions are planned and prepared. 

1/26/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5025-1/26/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How US politics is affecting international travel
This year, 11 US cities are hosting the 2026 FIFA World Cup events, and the nation is celebrating its 250th anniversary. In the meantime, federal agencies are cracking down on immigrants, and National Guard troops have been deployed in major cities like Los Angeles, Memphis, Portland, and even the nation’s capital, Washington DC, and potentially Chicago, New York, and San Francisco. Also, tensions between protesters and federal agencies in Minneapolis are rising over the fatal shooting by an ICE agent, and over 100,000 visas have been revoked since last year. Is the USA still on your travel list?
So far this year, the US conducted airstrikes in Caracas, Venezuela’s capital, and captured President Maduro, expressed its intention to acquire Greenland, and threatened Iran, Cuba, Colombia, and even Mexico. Is it still safe to visit these countries? You definitely want to check the foreign ministry’s travel advice and restrictions on these countries. If you’re still going, double-check your travel insurance coverage and updates to find if you’re still covered by the policy in the countries you’re visiting.
Read the article and find out how recent moves by the US government are affecting international travel. 

1/25/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5024-1/25/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Global temperatures dipped in 2025 but more heat records on way, scientists warn
Though 2025 was not the hottest year, the last three years were the hottest on record, having exceeded 1.4 °C above pre-industrial levels of the late 1800s. Extreme weather events linked to global warming continued, such as heatwaves in Europe and the Indian subcontinent, cyclones and pre-monsoon rains in South Asia, wildfires and floods in the USA, to name a few. Though sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific were cooler due to La Niña conditions in 2025, it was nearly as warm as the previous two warmer El Niño years. As the world is experiencing rapid warming at the upper end of the long-term expectations, ice sheets in polar regions and glaciers are melting faster than ever. When we look back this year from 2050, we would most likely see that the 2020s were cooler years than then.
Read the article and learn about how warm 2025 was.

1/24/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5023-1/24/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
India asks e-commerce apps to stop '10-minute' delivery service
Q-commerce, or quick commerce, is a type of e-commerce where food and merchandise are delivered within hours or even less than an hour. It became very popular during the COVID-19 pandemic in many parts of the world, especially in cities in China, South Asian countries, and India, where small motorcycle riders navigate through traffic. Also, as gig workers and online platforms increase, Q-commerce has become an essential part of city life and the economy. In India, competition among both gig workers and Q-commerce platforms has intensified so much that deliveries are now expected within 10 minutes. However, this could put too much pressure on delivery riders whose performance is constantly monitored and rated by both customers and online platforms. Recently, the Indian government “asked” Q-commerce platforms to decline the 10-minute delivery promise to lessen the pressure on delivery riders for their safety. How much relief will be given to those riders who can earn more money if they deliver items faster?
Read the article and learn about India’s Q-commerce dilemma.

1/23/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5022-1/23/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Last year was Ukraine's deadliest for civilians since 2022, UN says
The early phase of the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 began in April 2014 in Donbas, Ukraine’s border region with Russia, when Russian-backed fighters seized several towns. The United Nations estimated that about 4,400 Ukrainian fighters and 3,400 civilians were killed before 2022. The number of Ukrainian casualties has surged since Russia’s full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022. It is estimated that over 100,000 Ukrainian forces were killed or missing, more than 14,000 civilians were killed, and nearly 40,000 were wounded. Last year alone, no fewer than 2,500 civilians lost their lives, the deadliest year since 2022. Also, many Ukrainians are now suffering from sub-zero cold as Russia continues to attack the energy infrastructure. Spring is still a month away, and peace is unforeseen anytime soon, yet the number of casualties is increasing each day in Ukraine.
Read the article and learn how deadly and cruel the war is.

1/22/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5021-1/22/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Landmark Rohingya genocide case against Myanmar heard at top UN court
There are two international courts in The Hague, the Netherlands. One is the International Criminal Court (ICC), an international court to prosecute individuals for international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The other is the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN), which settles legal disputes between states and gives advisory opinions on international law. Gambia, a muslim-majority African country, filed suit against Myanmar, a Buddhist South Asian country, for brutal and vicious violations committed against the Rohingya, a Muslim minority in Myanmar’s Rakhine province. Just during the 2017 military crackdown, thousands of Rohingya Muslims were killed in the province, and more than 750,000 fled their homeland for sprawling camps in neighboring Bangladesh. Now, more than one million Rohingya refugees live in overcrowded camps in the Cox’s Bazar district of Bangladesh, forming the world’s largest refugee settlement.
The incumbent regime of Myanmar is a military junta, which seized power in a coup in 2021, overthrowing the democratically elected government led by Aung San Suu Kyi. Who and what groups in Myanmar are responsible for this large-scale, prolonged persecution of the Rohingya people?
Read the article and learn about the severe suffering of the Rohingya people.

1/21/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5020-1/21/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
'I feel free': Australia's social media ban, one month on
To protect the mental health and wellbeing of young teenagers from cyberbullying, harmful content, self harm, online predators, and addictive platform designs, Australia started requiring popular SNS platforms, including Facebook, Instagram, Kick, Reddit, Snapchat, Threads, TikTok, Twitch, X, and YouTube, to take reasonable steps to prevent Australians under 16 from having accounts on their platforms on December 10 last year. They can still have access to non-age-restricted social media platforms, such as Discord, Google Classroom, LEGO Play, Messenger, Pinterest, Roblox, WhatsApp, and YouTube Kids. Like adults, many young people rely on social media as a tool to manage boredom, stress, and social anxiety, and to connect with their peers and loved ones. So, what happened to the young Australians who were disconnected from their familiar platforms? After the initial shock, are they now spending more time on non-screen activities like sports, reading, or talking with their friends or families more, or just alternatively using other accessible SNSs or games?
Read the article and find out what Australian teenagers have been doing since their favorite social media was banned.

1/20/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5019-1/20/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Five lifestyle tweaks to help you live well for longer
We all want to live well for longer, physically, mentally, emotionally, socially, spiritually, and perhaps economically to some extent. But as we age, both physical and cognitive functions decline, but not at the same pace for everyone. Like exercise keeps our muscles stronger, keeping our minds active helps maintain our brain connections, and therefore, functions. For example, learning something new, eating a variety of vegetables and fruits, doing a little more physical exercise, and being socially active all have positive effects on your well-being. You can enjoy these benefits and improve your physical and mental well-being by making small changes consistently without changing everything at once.
Read the article and learn how you can enjoy your life better and longer.

1/19/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5018-1/19/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Bottle-to-throttle: The precautions airlines take to make sure your pilot is sober
Commercial pilots should not sit in the cockpit under any influence of alcohol or drugs. They are mandated to take a breathalyzer test before a flight. But how sober do they need to be to fly an airplane? To your surprise, there is no universal law that applies to all airlines. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) is widely used to measure how much alcohol remains in the bloodstream. In the USA, the BAC limit for driving is 0.08% for adults. To sit in the airplane cockpit, however, some countries require a BAC below 0.04%, others limit up to 0.02%, while India implements no tolerance. Also, some airlines enforce a minimum cool-off time between drinking alcohol and reporting for duty, called the bottle-to-throttle window, like 12 hours by Delta and United airlines and 24 hours by Japan Airlines. The airline also bans drinking during hotel layovers. Just like a surgeon, vet, or driver, flight crew members are expected to be alcohol free when they perform their duties.
Read the article and learn how sober commercial pilots need to be to fly.

1/18/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5017-1/18/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The Caribbean island where locals can't access the beach
With a tropical marine climate and beautiful beaches, Jamaica is a major tourism and resort destination in the Caribbean. The island, with a population of around 2.8 million, attracts more than four million visitors annually, generating over 10% of GDP and employing hundreds of thousands of locals. Of the island’s 1,000km of beautiful shoreline, less than 1% is freely accessible to local residents. In the last five years, as the number of gated resorts and developments has multiplied, locals have lost access to beaches freely. Gone are the days when fishermen sail off their boats and children play on the nearby public beaches. Accordingly, visitors are losing opportunities to visit local communities or interact with residents. Still, even after the devastating Hurricane Melissa last year, the beautiful island is welcoming tourists and visitors for its economy and employment.
Read the article and learn how the rapid privatization of public beaches is affecting locals in Jamaica.

1/17/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5016-1/17/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The secrets to tackling fussy eating habits
Many young children tend to like or dislike certain foods. They may like most fruits and sweets, but dislike some vegetables or seafood. Should parents tell them to eat the food they don’t like, or eat it just for the sake of their health? Conversely, should children be allowed to decide what to eat or how much? Actually, many children don’t want to be told what to do or what not to do. They have different mindsets, priorities, and preferences from grown-ups. Also, as children do not always grow at the same pace, their appetite fluctuates. So, telling children what and how much they should eat might not solve their fussy eating habits. Instead, it seems to encourage them to eat more and better if they are given autonomy and involved in preparing or serving food. Autonomy encourages motivation and leads to satisfaction.
Read the article and get some tips to encourage children to eat better.

1/16/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5015-1/16/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Autofocus’ glasses can change their lenses in real time
People who need both clearer distance and reading vision often wear eyeglasses with bifocal lenses. The top part of the lens is designed for distance vision, suitable for walking or driving, and the bottom part is prescribed for near vision, like reading. There is a distinct segment line between the two areas. Varifocal lenses offer a more continuous, gradual change in prescription from distance at the top to near at the bottom without segment lines. The former was invented in the late 18th century, and the latter appeared in the 1950s. In the meantime, most cameras, including the ones in smartphones, automatically adjust focus. Autofocus (AF) works by using sensors to analyze incoming light and a processor to adjust the lens until the sharpest possible image is achieved. Now is the time for eyewear innovation. A Finnish eyewear company is preparing to launch smart glasses with lenses that automatically adjust focus for the wearer and the situation.
Read the article and learn about eyewear that adjusts focus automatically.

1/15/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5014-1/15/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why some Americans who make a lot of money feel so poor
Even though the wages of average Americans have increased further than inflation, they are facing difficulty in finding affordable housing units or childcare services, and in some cases, the availability. The low supply of homes and high mortgage rates, hovering above 6%, have made housing prices well beyond an affordable level in many places. Also, child care expenses, including daycare and preschool costs, have risen almost twice the pace of overall inflation or pay raises. In most places, child care for two children now costs more than a mortgage or rent. This makes some parents give up one of their jobs, often mothers, to stay home and care for their children themselves. Owning a house and raising children seems to have become a dream for many Americans.
Read the article and learn about the financial burdens of American families.

1/14/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5013-1/14/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Grab what you can:’ The global rush for second passports
Recently, an internationally recognized American actor was granted his second citizenship by France, where he and his family had lived for the last few years. As the world has become more volatile, unsafe, or extreme, more people are now seeking second citizenships for various reasons. Some people just want to relocate to another country, and others are forced to move out of their homeland. Also, there are people who want another passport for insurance, or who try to evade military conscription or heavy taxes. In fact, there has been a surge in demand for second citizenship among very wealthy Americans and Brits. However, citizenship can be granted for limited conditions, such as family descent, naturalization after years of residence, or substantial investment in the country. In the meantime, countries like China, India, and Japan do not recognize dual citizenship, and European countries have discouraged or tightened it.
Read the article and think about whether you want to apply for another citizenship.

1/13/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5012-1/13/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
China’s robot sports craze could eventually put humanoids in homes
Robots are no longer just devices to perform simple tasks repeatedly, but are now becoming more autonomous and athletic. Powered by AI, robots have become intelligent agents to work or interact with humans. They can now play sports and games to entertain people. Last year in China, dozens of robots danced together on stage, humanoids ran a half-marathon, and played soccer, boxing, and martial arts games in robot sporting events. Showcasing robotic capabilities at sports events not only entertains the public but also fuels competition, advances technologies, and draws attention from investors and potential users of humanoids. Robots and humanoids are expected to help improve the nation’s productivity and sustain the rapidly aging society. What will our world be like with humanoids 25 years from now? (Vol.5011)
Read the article and learn how and why China’s robots are playing sports.
https://edition.cnn.com/2026/01/02/china/china-humanoid-robot-sports-intl-hnk-dst

1/12/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5011-1/12/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
AI teachers and cybernetics - what could the world look like in 2050?
50 years ago, people started watching movies with VHS and Beta videos, and listened to music on cassettes or vinyl records. 25 years later, analog videos were replaced by digital media, DVDs, and music was sold on CDs. Now, we can watch movies or listen to music at any time, anywhere on our smartphones, thanks to streaming technology and faster Internet connections. As for communication, we spoke on cellular phones and sent text messages. Now, we use smartphones and SNS for nearly everything, including shopping, reservations, tickets, photos and videos, and sharing. Indeed, as technologies advance, our lifestyles change, too. So, what will our lives be 20 years from now? Will there be drugs that are customized to individuals? Will we travel on a driverless car or in a pilotless airplane? Will robots do most of the physical tasks that humans are doing now?
Read the article and think about what the world will be like 25 years from now.

1/11/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5010-1/11/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The foods that make you smell more attractive
We smell badly after drinking many alcoholic drinks or eating a lot of garlicy food. Indeed, what we eat makes a distinct difference in how our breath and body smell. To digest the food, bacteria metabolize it inside the gut, and these interactions release gases, causing bad breath. Additionally, once food is metabolized inside the gut, the chemical components from the food travel through the bloodstream and the body’s tissues, some of which are then perspired through the skin, and interact with the skin’s bacteria, creating a distinct smell. Interestingly, smells that are caused by certain foods are more pleasant or attractive than others. Do vegetables or fruits make you smell any better than meat or fish?
Read the article and learn how you can make yourself smell better or worse.

1/10/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5009-1/10/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why scientists want ice from 600 meters below the surface
Researchers stay on Axel Heiberg Island, an uninhabited island in the Arctic Ocean, for months to extract ice samples from as deep as 600 meters below the surface. These ancient layers are like a frozen history book, containing trapped air bubbles and water isotopes. They reveal Earth's past climate, temperatures, atmospheric composition, such as CO2 and methane, volcanic activity, and wind patterns, which offer crucial data to understand past climate cycles. Deeper ice is older ice. Drilling several hundred meters down offers access to layers from hundreds of thousands of years ago, which provides a long-term view of Earth's climate history. They drill through ice sheets and extract ice core samples. Each one-meter section of the sample is cut into five pieces for gradual analysis in a research facility in Edmonton, Alberta. Researchers always have to wear heavy down jackets to work in extremely low temperatures to extract ice samples and analyze them. Their efforts might be rewarded by new scientific discoveries from the old ice cores.
Watch the video and learn how researchers are trying to learn history

1/09/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5008-1/9/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Do saunas really boost your health?
Our bodies try to keep core temperature stable, usually between 36.5 °C and 37 °C, and most of us feel comfortable in an indoor temperature range between 20 °C and 24 °C.  Yet some people love to take a dry sauna, whose temperature goes over 70°C, or a steam sauna at over 40°C with 100% humidity to feel looser or more relaxed. Conversely, others jump into icy water in winter to feel the painful cold, which boosts heart rate and blood pressure and surges stress hormones like adrenaline. While both extreme temperature pressures seem to enhance mental health and wellness, do they actually improve physical health, such as the immune system, metabolism, or cardiovascular functions?
Read the article and learn what hot sauna and cold swimming do to your health.

1/08/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5007-1/8/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Mercury: The planet that shouldn't exist
Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun, only 0.4 astronomical units (AU) away, 40% of the distance from the Sun to Earth. It is the fastest planet to orbit the Sun, taking only 88 days to orbit the Sun at a speed of nearly 47 kilometers per second. Mercury’s surface temperatures are both extremely hot and cold, between 430°C and -180°C, because it’s too close to the Sun and it spins so slowly, taking 59 Earth days for one rotation. Mercury formed about 4.6 billion years ago, like others, when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust together. It is the smallest planet in our solar system, only slightly larger than our moon, and the second densest planet after Earth, because Mercury’s core makes up about 85% of its radius while Earth, Venus, and Mars all have iron-rich cores that make up about half of their radius. Yet it is still uncertain why Mercury orbits so close to the Sun and how its dense structure was formed. This November, a joint European and Japanese space mission is due to enter orbit and is expected to reveal where Mercury came from.
Read the article and learn about the smallest planet in our solar system.

1/07/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5006-1/7/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Digital age brings Denmark’s postal service to a historic end 
If your business has shrunk to one-tenth and sees no chance of recovery, what would you do? That was the situation that PostNord, a Nordic mail and parcel delivery company jointly owned by the Swedish and Danish governments, faced in Denmark, as correspondence and message deliveries have shifted from paper to online in the last two decades. The postal company removed 1,500 mailboxes last year and delivered its last letters on December 30, closing over 400 years of conventional mail service. The company now focuses on delivering parcels as online shopping keeps increasing. Even though almost all Danes are digitally proficient, there are people, mainly older citizens, who still rely on postal services. They may either use a collection service by a private company at home or drop their letters off at kiosks in stores. If you travel to Denmark and want to send a postcard, you need to look for a kiosk, not a mailbox. Which country will follow suit?
Read the article and learn about the end of the postal service in Denmark.
https://edition.cnn.com/2025/12/30/europe/denmark-postal-service-letters-intl-scli

1/06/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5005-1/6/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Sit-to-stand: The simple test that reveals how you're ageing
Can you stand up from the chair or sofa easily? The sit-to-stand test (STS) is a simple, common assessment of leg strength, balance, and endurance. Just count how many times you can fully stand up from a seated position in 30 seconds. It measures leg strength and endurance, balance and mobility, fall risk, and aging. If you are in your 60s and can perform a dozen times, you’re on average in the age group. If you can stand up around 10 times in your 70s or 80s, you’re still in good shape. But if your score is lower, you may have weak muscles, excess weight, heart or lung problems, or other functional problems. Older people with lower scores tend to fall more easily, which could cause injuries, including muscle tears and hip fractures. To avoid such significant damage, you may want to stand up more often, go up and down stairs, and walk around when possible. Small things add up for healthier aging.
Read the article and learn about what the sit-to-stand test reveals.

1/05/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5004-1/5/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why passport stamps may be a thing of the past
Nowadays, travel photos are rarely printed after traveling. Instead, they are posted on social media during the trip. Also, paper tickets and boarding passes are mostly replaced by QR codes on smartphones. For international travel, a passport is still a physical proof of the holder’s identity, and has many pages designated for visas and entry/departure stamps. However, they are now left blank even after crossing the border many times. In fact, more countries have adopted digital immigration processes, including fingerprint, facial photo, and passport scanning with or without a human inspector. Gone are the days when you heard an immigration officer slam a stamp on your passport at a border control. Also missed are stamps, the paper proof on the passport, when you want to recall travel experiences. When will we miss paper passports?
Read the article and learn how border-crossing procedures have been changing.

1/04/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5003-1/4/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why travellers keep queueing for viral food
One way to enjoy visiting some other place is to try tasting locally popular foods or something that is introduced in the guidebook. But nowadays, all of a sudden, some particular food becomes popular among travelers and visitors who saw the video or photo of the food on social media, and they wait in a long line to try it. When they finally get it, they film themselves eating it and post the video on their SNS, which often brings more people to form an even longer waiting line. Indeed, a queue triggers powerful psychological cues. This is partly because of the fear of missing out (FOMO). Also, a long waiting line indicates the food may be very good or popular, another social proof of validation, which gives you assurance or confidence. So, whether you are drawn by the line or preprogrammed by an SNS, waiting in line for a viral food seems to offer another kind of culinary experience. Still, for some people, encountering unexpected experiences is another way to enjoy visiting a new place, including locally popular food, yet unknown in the online community.
Read the article and learn about why more people are willingly waiting to get particular food.

1/03/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5002-1/3/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
2025 in Gaza: 12 months, 12 pictures
After two years of heavy bombings and fierce offensive by Israeli forces, the Gaza peace plan went into effect on October 10 last year. It is estimated that as many as 80,000 Palestinians were killed or went missing, more than 10,000 died of famine, and over 170,000 were wounded during the offensive. But people in Gaza are still struggling to get water, food, medicine, daily necessities, clothes, and roofs over their heads. Starving, crying, mourning, shivering, and trembling are part of their lives. These 12 photos show how devastating the situations were in Gaza last year.
See the photos of war’s suffering in Gaza in 2025.

1/02/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5001-1/2/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Boiling lobsters alive to be banned in UK animal cruelty crackdown
When animals or birds experience pain, they often exhibit physical responses, including hiding, crying, and defending. Then what about crustaceans, such as crabs, crayfish, shrimps, and lobsters? It is now widely agreed that they do feel pain, too. Last month, the government of England launched a package of new animal welfare laws, including bans on hen cages, pig farrowing crates, and puppy farming. Also banned is boiling lobsters while they are alive and conscious. Boiling live prawns, lobsters, and crabs is a popular delicacy in many parts of the world. However, such a practice is considered inhumane and banned in some countries, including Switzerland, Norway, and New Zealand. They suggest that lobsters are made unconscious with an electric gun or chilled in ice before they are boiled. Freeing hens and pigs from cages will require substantial space, cost, and labor for the farmers. Stunning lobsters will require extra processing or a dedicated device in the kitchen. However, until they die, they are still alive and feel pain.
Read the article and learn how England is trying to be more humane before killing animals and crustaceans.

1/01/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5000-1/1/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
One small change in battery design could reduce fires, researchers say
In addition to traditional or conventional New Year’s rituals, let us dream about something that could make our lives significantly safer: lithium-ion batteries that won’t heat up or catch fire. Today, our lives are heavily dependent on lithium-ion batteries, including smartphones, tablets, PCs, power banks, headphones, smartwatches, flashlights, pacemakers, shavers, drones, e-bikes, and EVs, to name a few. Nearly every portable device is powered by a lithium-ion battery. However, they contain flammable electrolytes, which could become unstable under certain conditions, such as manufacturing defects, physical damage, overcharging, or extreme temperatures. Last January, an Airbus A321 caught fire and burned down at Busan airport, South Korea, when a passenger’s power bank stored in an overhead bin heated up and caused a flame.
Recently, researchers from the University of Hong Kong proposed a lithium-ion battery design that is stable even under extreme conditions. The most innovative part of the innovation is a new electrolyte with two solvents that would prevent the electrolyte from breaking down. The good news is that the electrolyte can be injected directly into the battery cell without any new equipment or process, so that lithium-ion battery manufacturers can bring it into their existing production lines. Though it may still take a few years for us to see safer mobile devices and vehicles, there is new hope for safer mobility in our lives.
Read the article and learn about a breakthrough technology on the horizon.

This issue marks the 5,000 milestone of Topi Reading. Despite a two-week interruption in early 2023 due to an unexpected incident, Topic Reading has been posted daily for 13.8 years since April 12, 2012. It also coincided with the first day of 2026. Happy New Year to Topic Readers!