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7/14/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4829-7/14/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The chemical secrets that help keep honey fresh for so long
Microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and moulds exist in many foods and spoil them. They increase in moist conditions and warm temperatures, at a mellow pH, and with oxygen. You may dry meat or fruit, store it in the fridge, or store it in a jar to keep the food edible. But after some time, most food expires. One sweet food that lasts long in a jar at room temperature is honey. It is made by honeybees from flower nectar without artificial preservatives. But why does such a sweet, nutritious substance, which is also loved by microorganisms, survive for years? The secret lies in the process of how honey is made from nectar. 
Read the article and learn why natural honey doesn’t expire like other foods.

7/13/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4828-7/13/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Ancient Egyptian history may be rewritten by DNA bone test
Emerged around 3150 BCE, Ancient Egypt was a civilization that flourished along the Nile River in northeastern Africa. It’s known for its monuments like pyramids and temples, complex writing system, agriculture, architecture, and astronomy. Around the same time, approximately 1,500 km northeast of Egyptian civilization, another ancient civilization flourished in the region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers (today’s Turkey, Syria, and Iraq), called Mesopotamia. It created city-states, writing systems, and laws, as well as advanced mathematics and astronomy. Did these two ancient civilizations interact with each other? A DNA bone test on a man who lived in the Nile Valley 4,500 years ago shows that one-fifth of his DNA matches that of Mesopotamians. This is the first proof of the interactions between the two civilizations. The ancient Egyptian’s remains were discovered in a ceramic pottery coffin in 1902. Future discoveries and analysis will reveal more about ancient civilizations.
Read the article and learn about what could have happened over 4 millennia ago along the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers.

7/12/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4827-7/12/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
‘Cool’ people tend to have these six things in common, study finds
Who do you consider a cool person? Do you think he or she is a good person? Why do you think someone is cool and others are not? To answer these questions, researchers conducted large-scale experiments with 6,000 people in 12 countries, including Australia, Chile, Mexico, the USA, China, South Korea, India, Turkey, Nigeria, South Africa, Spain, and Germany. They asked the participants about a person whom they perceived to be cool, uncool, good, or not good. The researchers found that the respondents perceived cool people were more extroverted, hedonistic, powerful, adventurous, open, and autonomous than those whom they considered to be good or favorable, regardless of the person’s age or gender. Also, the participants considered a good person to be calm, conscientious, universalistic, agreeable, warm, secure, traditional, and conforming, mostly opposite traits of a cool person. You can think of political leaders, billionaires, or movie stars who appear to be cool and exciting but are not so good or conscientious. Are cool people also narcissists?
Read the article and think about who or what kind of person you think is cool.

7/11/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4826-7/11/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The self-drive tuk-tuks transforming travel in Sri Lanka
A tuk-tuk is a three-wheeled taxi popular in Southeast and South Asia, especially in Thailand and India. Tuk-tuks are widely used as taxis in urban areas as a conventional and economical transport for residents and tourists. In those places, thanks to the smartphone map, motorcycle rental is becoming popular among foreign tourists. Then what about renting a tuk-tuk? It allows you to travel and stop wherever and whenever you want for yourself, and maybe your travel companion. Such a service became available in Sri Lanka. Just like renting your spare room or apartment, some tuk-tuk owners are renting their three-wheel vehicles when they aren’t in use. You’ll need an international driving permit for booking, so that the renter can organize a local driving permit. Once you book a tuk-tuk online like a car rental, your tuk-tuk will come to your hotel. After getting a brief driving lesson, off you go!  
You may be hailed by other tourists for a ride, too. What an extraordinary experience!
Read the article about how this new service emerged in Sri Lanka.

7/10/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4825-7/10/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
She left her home in California to live on a cruise ship for 15 years
Villa Vie Odyssey is a 24,000-ton, 200-meter-long residential cruise ship where people can live aboard and travel around the world. Unlike ordinary cruise ships that sail passengers for days, weeks, or months, she accommodates just hundreds of “residents” who purchased their cabins and take them to various destinations around the world for as long as 15 years. The residents purchase their cabin like a condominium and then pay monthly fees for food and drinks, Wi-Fi, medical visits, weekly housekeeping, and bi-weekly laundry service. They can enjoy a continuous 3.5-year journey around the world while engaging with the other 500 or so residents on board. Some residents stay on the ship just for months, while others intend to live on board until the end of the voyage. Once onboard, you can enjoy watching the ocean and sky, feeling the ocean breeze, and bathing in the sunlight on the deck while checking what the next stop will be like. It may be more vibrant and entertaining than living alone in a house or a quiet care home on the ground. Also, if you are a remote worker, living on a residential cruise ship is just like renting a private, full-service office at sea. Since housing prices have soared in major markets, buying a cabin on a residential cruise ship might be a good option.
Read the article and learn about what life is like on a residential cruise ship for years.

7/09/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4824-7/9/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
BMI is B-A-D, a new study suggests. Here’s a better way to measure weight
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a value from the mass and height of a person, which is defined as the body mass divided by the square of the body height, and is expressed in units of kg/m². A BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI greater than 30 is considered obese. However, since BMI doesn’t account for body composition, like muscle, fat, or bone. So, someone with a high percentage of body fat could have the same BMI as a person whose height and weight are the same but very muscular. Also, BMI neither distinguishes between fat around organs and under the skin nor age, sex, or ethnicity. In order to provide person-specific health advice, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) measures the individual’s body fat, lean muscle, and water weight by using undetectable electric currents. With such information, medical or health experts can give more specific, tailor-made suggestions to improve your health.
Read the article and learn how BIA works to measure your body composition.

7/08/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4823-7/8/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Will a dice-playing robot eventually make you tea and do your dishes?
For many years, robots have been working in factories to do tasks programmed, such as attaching parts, drilling holes, and moving things. Recently, robots have been used in warehouses and distribution centers to load and unload trucks, move pallets, and pick and pack items. Some of them use sensors, AI, and machine learning to adapt to changing environments and requirements. Robots with embodied AI can see, sense, recognize things around them, and act accordingly to changing situations. Then, how soon will we see robots at home to do or help with household chores, look after babies, or assist seniors? Since home environments vary widely and change quickly, it is difficult to collect enough data to pretrain robots to perform tasks in such dynamic environments that people live in. However, even though today’s AI robots are still years away from being able to perform household tasks as flexibly and safely as required, they can learn quickly and better in the coming years. Imagine that AI robots were newborns. It would be faster for them to become capable of performing household tasks than human newborns.
Read the article and think when AI robots will be sold at home appliance stores.