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10/10/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5282-10/10/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Over 90% of common household items contain hazardous plastic chemicals
How much do you think we are exposed to plastic? Most of the produce and food we buy at supermarkets or convenience stores are packed or wrapped in single-use plastics unless they are bottled or canned. At home, kitchens are filled with plastics, including pots, utensils, and containers, and toys children put into their mouths are also made of plastic. According to a recently published database by scientists, about one in every four chemicals they identified in plastics were hazardous to our health and the environment. Those chemicals are also persistent, bioaccumulative, and mobile, so they spread easily, stay long, and build up over time in the body or the environment. It is still unknown which specific chemicals are more harmful than others, or how much of these chemicals are contained in certain plastic products. We’ve been using more and more plastic wraps and containers for the sake of economy, hygiene, and convenience. However, even though plastics look clean and free from germs and bacteria, they are full of invisible chemicals.
Read the article and learn what plastic chemicals are and what they do to us.

10/09/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5281-10/9/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Scientists deliver ‘starkest warning yet’ of profound changes sweeping the planet’s oceans
Ocean temperatures shape global climate by absorbing, storing, and moving vast amounts of heat and moisture around the planet. The oceans absorb over 90% of the excess heat trapped in Earth's atmosphere by greenhouse gases. In the last few years, the rate of ocean warming has been accelerating and breaking previous records. Warmer surface waters pump more heat and moisture into the air, fueling heavier rainfall, severe flooding, and more powerful storms. Also, the oceans have become more acidic, which severely affects underwater ecosystems. And as water warms, it expands and raises global sea level alongside melting ice sheets. Both polar regions are affected the most by global ocean warming. Sea surface temperatures in the Arctic region have risen by over four degrees Celsius over the past four decades. Antarctica is experiencing rapid ice loss and ocean warming, too. The newly released Copernicus Ocean State Report warns that the world's oceans are undergoing rapid, interconnected, and long-term transformation driven by climate change.
Read the article and learn what is behind the scenes of recent extreme weather events.

10/08/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5280-10/8/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
What are the US midterms? A simple guide
On November 3, US voters will cast their ballots in midterm elections. The general elections are held every four years at the midpoint of a president’s four-year term. All 435 seats of the House of Representatives are up for election as they serve two-year terms, and about one-third of the 100 seats of the Senate will be elected or reelected. Voters will also elect state- and local-level leaders and representatives, including 39 governors this time. The results of the elections will show how voters approve or disapprove of the incumbent president and Congress, as both houses have been outnumbered by Republicans. Also, the forthcoming elections will redraw the landscape of US politics as the attention of both people and politicians will shift to the next presidential elections in 2028. Inflation, tariffs, war, fuel, immigration, and AI, along with Greenland, Canada, White House ballroom, and countless executive orders, will all be judged by voters. A recent online poll shows over 60% disapprove of Trump, but election outcomes are hard to predict. In any case, the upcoming elections are pivotal not only to US politics but also to the world’s economy and peace.
Read the article and learn about the upcoming US midterm elections.

10/07/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5279-10/7/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
Cattle to feed: Why a global meat crisis is looming
Recently, cattle herds of the world’s top three beef-producing countries, Brazil, China, and the US, have been shrinking, and the price of beef is soaring. Raising cattle to beaf takes time, water, grass and/or feed, and thus money. Producing one kilogram of edible beef requires 25 kg of dry-matter feed, and it takes nearly a year for a cow to produce a calf and over a year to raise cattle for beef. What about chicken, whose demand is increasing as an alternative to more expensive beef or pork? Producing poultry meat takes much less time and money, but when the cost of key feed, soya meal, rises, rearers are discouraged from raising chickens. All in all, meat prices are rising around the world due to increasing demand, rising costs, climate change, and trade barriers.
Read the article and learn about the demand and supply of the global meat market.

10/06/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5278-10/6/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
New aircraft carrier, 10,000 US troops: Is the Iran war about to escalate?
Since 1958, the US has shown a strong presence in the Middle East and deployed as many as 50,000 troops in about 20 locations in the region before the war with Iran that began February 28 this year. In addition to the 7,000 troops already added since then, the US is now deploying more military assets in the region, including thousands of sailors and Marines, F-35 fighter jets, and another mighty aircraft carrier. Has the US already made up its mind despite the ongoing peace talks? Pounding heavily from the air using aircraft, drones, and missiles seems to have only solidified Iran’s resistance against the US and Israel. Is the US preparing to invade Iran on the ground only with thousands of paratroopers and Marines, or just showing the determination to close a deal favorably and honorably? Whichever the case might be, things are expected to become clear after November 3, the day of the US elections. But it is not just the US preparing for the next move. Iran says it is fully prepared for US attacks.
Read the article and learn what is cooking in the Middle East now.

10/05/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5277-10/5/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Italy ministers agree to ban burqa and niqab in school and cap foreigners in class
Italy’s right-wing coalition government is set to ban outer coverings worn by some Muslim women at schools. It said it is common sense to show faces at school, and also that the ban is a matter of gender equality. The burqa and niqab are outer coverings worn by some Muslim females; the former covers the face and body, and the latter covers the face. The government also intends to put a 30% cap on children without Italian citizenship or poor knowledge of the Italian language in the first year of school. Over 11% of Italy’s school students are non-Italian citizens. The Prime Minister said these measures are not intended to divide students but to help them integrate. Recently, in many European countries, nationalist and populist parties are gaining momentum in local and national elections. Immigration pressures from displacement by wars and conflicts, rising housing prices and rents, and concerns about cultural and national identities are said to be some of the factors behind this move. School children of a different nationality, race, or faith have to study and develop their identity in a different language, culture, and society. They may be learning a lot to live in different or mixed societies.
Read the article and think about the challenges foreign students are facing.

10/04/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5276-10/4/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The world's five best economy airlines for 2026 - and what makes them so much better
When you travel long hours in economy class, how do you choose an airline besides schedule and price? Legroom, seat width, meals, service, onboard entertainment, and internet connectivity all matter to your comfort, especially on a long-haul flight. You can find the type of aircraft, cabin layout, legroom, seat width, and wifi connection on the booking site or somewhere online, but you won’t know if the meals, service, cleanliness, and wifi connectivity are satisfactory to you until you get onboard. Skytrack, a UK-based research service company, conducted its 2026 annual satisfaction survey of international travelers to rate airlines. Of the top 10 airlines, seven are based in Eastern or Southeastern Asia, only one in North America, and none in Europe. Nowadays, onboard connectivity is more important to passenger satisfaction because it is one of the few things they can enjoy during the flight at the back of the plane. But in reality, other factors such as seat position, like window, middle, or aisle, the passenger(s) sitting next to you, and cabin crowdedness also matter greatly to your onboard experience.
Read the article and learn how international passengers rate airlines in economy class.

10/03/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5275-10/3/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Quiet on set. How AI transformed China’s microdrama scene
Originating and exploding in popularity in China, micro-dramas are short, serialized video series designed for smartphone viewing. Microdramas became popular during the pandemic when people stayed home, spending most of their time with smartphones. Each story is made of dozens of 90-second episodes and is mostly produced and acted by young talents. These dramas are released on online platforms like Douyin, Hongguo, and Kuaishou as they are produced. If the first few episodes aren’t viewed, the rest of the episodes won’t be seen. It’s a shotgun approach; the more, the better.
Hengdian in Zhejiang province had been a hot spot in the microdrama industry for the last few years until early this year. Soon after Seedance 2.0, an advanced cinematic AI video generation model created by ByteDance, the owner of Douyin and Hongguo, was released early this year, the microdrama industry faced existential challenges. Production crew, actors, and extras have far fewer job opportunities, and if any, the pay is significantly lower than before. Studios and film sets in the town are no longer used. Short-lived opportunities in the fast-moving microdrama industry.
Read the article and learn about China’s microdrama production.

10/02/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5274-10/2/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
McDonald’s is spending billions to make major changes
Founded as a drive-in restaurant near Los Angeles in 1940, McDonald’s is the world’s largest fast-food restaurant chain with over 46,000 locations in more than 100 countries. McDonald’s is famous for its hamburgers, fries, and drinks, but its menu varies by market, such as Teriyaki McBurger in Japan, McBaguette in France, and Chikien Maharaja Mac in India. Although most of its restaurants are operated by franchisees, independent owner-operators, its service and operating systems are standardized, which makes customers feel safe and assured at any of its restaurants. However, like any other business, size itself doesn’t ensure success. In fact, the largest operator always faces fierce competition from existing and emerging competitors, and McDonald’s is no exception. So, the mega fast-food chain has been continuously inventing new menus, renovating restaurants, updating operational systems, and launching marketing campaigns. Recently, the chain announced a multi-billion-dollar investment in remodeling, menus, and operations to beat the competition and please more customers. Will we get tastier, cheaper, and healthier food in a cleaner, safer environment, with faster, better service?
Read the article and learn about McDonald’s initiatives in the coming years.

10/01/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5273-10/1/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Indians are discovering the thrill of shopping without paying
Many people like shopping or ordering food delivery, and some people enjoy just window shopping or surfing food menus online. Indeed, searching for something you like online gives you mental pleasure even if you don’t actually buy or order it. If you want to go one step further than just surfing, there is a popular virtual space in India where you can search for and order your desired items, but without actually paying for them. Your order will be shown on the screen, and a fake call from a delivery person will appear, but it will never arrive. You don’t have to worry about your wallet or stomach. The slogan of this website is “The food never comes, but the *dopamine does.” It’s like chasing something without intending to catch it, or the pleasure of anticipation rather than ownership. In addition to this virtual food delivery site, there is a new site that offers users the chance to plan trips, called “TripNeverLeaves”, where users can book a trip without leaving their home or paying the bill.
Read the article and think about whether searching for and ordering food delivery excites you.
*dopamine: a crucial neurotransmitter and hormone that acts as the brain's primary driver for motivation, pleasure, and movement.

9/30/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5272-9/30/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Japan is famous for its spotless streets. So why are public rubbish bins so hard to find?
If you visit a popular tourist destination or walk down a street in a Chinese city, you’ll find countless trash bins, but hardly any in Japan. Still, most places in Japan are no less clean than those in China. But after consuming sandwiches and drinks bought at a convenience store or McDonald’s, where do people discard the trash? In Japanese cities, trash bins are only found at convenience stores, train stations, and service areas on toll highways, but not at public places or facilities, such as parks or museums, where signs asking visitors to take their trash home are put up. So, tourists end up hanging on the trash until they find trash bins. Once they find trash bins, they need to sort out which garbage to put into which bins, because proper waste management is a key part of daily life and culture in Japan. Waste is generally divided into several categories, such as burnable, plastic, PET bottles, cans, and glass bottles. Though you may feel it is a little inconvenient, garbage sorting is the first step to keep the societies and the environment clean.
Read the article and learn why trash bins are so rare in Japan.

9/29/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5271-9/29/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
US to build two military bases in Greenland under new deal with Denmark
Lying between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, Greenland is an autonomous territory of Denmark. The world’s largest island is icy, cold, and sparsely populated by about 57 thousand residents, 20,000 of whom live in Nuuk, the capital. Recently, the US showed renewed interest in this icy island because of its strategic importance for Arctic military defense, missile warning systems, critical mineral supply chains, and control over emerging polar shipping lanes. After escalating threats to take or annex the territory, the US reached an agreement with both Denmark and Greenland that allows it to build two new military bases and to modernize the operating space base on the northwestern coast of the island. Even though Greenland appears to shrink on the new Equal Earth world map, its strategic importance seems to have become more significant to world security.
Read the article and learn what has been agreed on the icy island.

9/28/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5270-9/28/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How to minimise the amount of polluted air you inhale while exercising
Regular outdoor exercise helps you strengthen your body, refresh your mind, and improve daily well-being. When we jog or ride a bike, we breathe faster and more deeply to inhale more air. But how healthy is exercising along a busy street or in a heavily polluted city like Delhi? Invisible micro-particles like PM 2.5 released from traffic can penetrate into our lungs, body, and brain. You are also exposed to other pollutants, such as nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and even ground-level ozone, which are linked to respiratory disease,  cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cognitive function, and even reproductive impacts. Should you then wear a facemask while running, as you did during the pandemic, or stop exercising outdoors at all? There are other ways to reduce exposure to polluted air in a busy place.
Read the article and learn how to mitigate the impact of polluted air when you exercise outdoors in a busy city.

9/27/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5269-9/27/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
AI programs can interfere with key lessons of childhood. Here’s what parents can do
Anyone who has access to the Internet is now being answered, assisted, or taught by AI, including Google Gemini, ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Apple’s Siri. They make our work, studies, and lives much more efficient. Teenagers and school children also use them to help with their studies and video editing, maybe more naturally and fluently than adults. Then what about pre-schoolers? They are still developing key social, emotional, and physical skills before starting their social lives or education. As younger children start using smartphones, they unknowingly get answers and responses from AI. But before jumping to answers or conclusions, kids should learn by guessing, making mistakes, or arguing with adults. It is not just a matter of efficiency but a practice of reasoning and learning. How should parents guide young children to use AI properly?
Read the article and think about how young children should be taught to grow with AI.

9/26/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5268-9/26/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Qantas is retiring its A380s. Is it time to say goodbye to the superjumbo?
In general, the larger the aircraft, the more space and comfort for passengers. Debuted in 2003 and last produced in 2021, the Airbus A380 is a fully double-decked, wide-body passenger aircraft. The four-engine superjumbo can carry as many as 500 to 800 passengers, depending on the seat configuration, for over 17 hours to cover a 14,000 km leg, such as Dubai to Auckland, New Zealand, and Dallas/Fort Worth to Sydney. The superjumbo offers a stabler, quieter, and spacier cabin, providing comfort for long-haul flights to passengers. Of the 171 planes still in service today, Emirates, UAE’s flag carrier, owns 116. Qantas, Australia’s flag carrier, operates 10 but has announced that it will start retiring them from 2028, four years earlier than the original schedule, and other airlines with small A380 fleets are also planning earlier retirements of the aircraft when they receive replacements, Boeing’s 777X and Airbus A350. Why? 
Read the article and learn why the superjumbo is going to be replaced by smaller aircraft.

9/25/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5267-9/25/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Asia’s fruit wars: The secretive world of plant invention and seed smuggling
Japanese premium, branded fruits grown in open fields, such as grapes, peaches, and pears, are vulnerable to theft. They are stolen right before harvest when their market value peaks. It is devastating to farmers who have put in hard work and considerable expenses to grow the fruits. Another kind of fruit theft is seed smuggling and unauthorized overseas cultivation. Dozens of premium Japanese fruits, such as high-end grapes, strawberries, and citrus fruits, have had their seeds or saplings smuggled and cultivated unlawfully in other countries, such as China and South Korea, whose climates are similar and suitable for growing these premium fruits. What can Japanese farmers do to protect the business opportunities of their premium fruits? There is an intergovernmental organization that helps protect new plant varieties, but it is not an enforcement agency. So, even if a plant is legally registered, once its saplings are smuggled and cultivated overseas, it is difficult to track it down, stop the cultivation, and get compensated. Legal protection is the first step to prevent proprietary technologies from being copied illegally. But scale, efficiency, and economy of production and distribution are essential to stay competitive in the same product category. Premium fruits may not be excluded from competition.
Read the article and learn how highly-valued fruits are being invented and copied in East Asia.

9/24/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5266-9/24/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why caffeine makes some people buzz - and others barely notice
Regular coffee, Nescafé, espresso, Starbucks latte, energy drink, Coke, black tea, green tea, and chocolate all contain some caffeine. It doesn’t give you extra energy itself but boosts alertness, helps you stay awake and focus, and improves your mood and reaction times. While some people can slumber shortly after drinking coffee, others have difficulty sleeping even hours after their last cup. Why so? Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that blocks sleep-promoting chemicals in the brain and triggers a wave of alert energy, but how long it stays in the body varies by person. Ancestry seems to affect it to some extent, and smokers and regular coffee drinkers are found to be less sensitive to caffeine. Other factors also affect caffeine tolerance, such as medicines, pregnancy, and DNA. Knowing how caffeine-tolerant you are and how much your favorite drinks or snacks contain caffeine is one thing. Controlling the timing and amount of caffeinated food/drink consumption is another thing to manage your caffeine and sleep balance.
Read the article and learn what caffeine is and does to your body and mind.

9/23/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5265-9/23/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The humans are rejecting the machines that were supposed to help them
Nowadays, most fast-food restaurants and coffee shops have touch kiosk screens or  QR codes to take orders and process payments. At many supermarkets and convenience stores, shoppers pick up merchandise, scan the items, put them in bags, and make payments all by themselves. Customers are rarely greeted or thanked by humans. Fast food and retail businesses have automated these processes to improve efficiency, believing that customers would be pleased by machines. However, these touch screens and QR codes don’t seem to have made these processes any faster or the shopping experience any better. Actually, customers have missed the chance to be greeted, supported, or appreciated by human staff, and businesses have realized that customer engagement is valuable to customers’ experience. Indeed, good employees are not just labor costs but a valuable resource and asset for businesses. Then will smiling humanoids provide better customer experiences than kiosks?
Read the article and think about what you expect and get when you shop at a fast-food restaurant or supermarket.

9/22/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5264-9/22/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
To curb 'killer' machines in the age of AI
These days, voices calling for regulations on AI usage have increased. Public infrastructure disruptions, social service shutdowns, and business blackouts caused by AI attacks are all catastrophic to our modern lives. What about warfare and weapons? Modern warfare has been reshaped by the broader use of AI, operating unmanned vehicles like drones, identifying targets, analyzing intelligence, controlling weapons, and supporting decision-making. In warfare with AI, the time to verify information and exercise judgment is compressed, which could make commanders or operators misjudge or overreact to potential threats without verifying the underlying rationale or logic. Also, AI is vulnerable to changes in the situation, deepfakes, data poisoning, and network interruptions. For example, it could misjudge its own troops as enemies, or civilian vehicles as military ones. Such misjudgments are more critical when it comes to nuclear weapons. As AI evolution outpaces guidance and regulations, the risk of using AI in warfare increases. Furthermore, if AI-powered weapons are used in the wrong hands, like terrorists, the consequences could be disastrous.
Read the article and learn how disruptive the wrong use of AI in warfare could be.

9/21/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5263-9/21/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
More than 100,000 people in Japan are now aged 100 or older
Each year on the third Monday of September, Japan commemorates Respect for the Aged Day to honor elderly citizens and celebrate longevity, and announces the number of people aged 100 or older. The first centenarian survey found there were  153 centenarians in 1963, and the figure increased to 1,000 in 1981 and 10,000 by 1998. This year, the fast-aging nation recorded over 100,000 people whose ages are 100 or older for the first time, up almost 8,000 from the previous year. About 88% of them are women, as their average life expectancy is over 88, ranking among the highest globally, while that of men is about 82. The country’s longevity is attributed to wholesome diets and a well-covered healthcare system. However, Japan’s population is aging and shrinking rapidly. Last year, only 671,000 babies were born, while 1,589,000 died, losing 918,000 people. With the total fertility rate below 1.2, the population will decline from the current 123 million to fewer than 100 million by 2050, nearly 40% of whom will be aged 65 or older. How many centenarians will there be then? Who will care for them then, their also-aged children, foreign care workers, or AI-empowered humanoids?
Read the article and learn about Japan’s century-old population.

9/20/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5262-9/20/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Here's how to catch up on sleep, the right way
Sleep is one of the most important functions in our lives. Adults should get at least seven hours of good sleep each night to allow the body to repair tissues, regulate vital hormones, and maintain cardiovascular and immune health. A good night's sleep also clears toxic waste, consolidates memories, and repairs neural connections, so that you’ll regain energy, feel refreshed, focus better, and become more productive. When you didn’t sleep enough during the week, you may try to catch up on the sleep deficit by going to bed too early or sleeping in too much on the weekend. While extra weekend sleep helps you repay some of the sleep deficit, it confuses your body clock and makes it more difficult to have a sound sleep that night. Indeed, waking up and getting light exposure at a different time confuses your circadian rhythm like jet lag. To help you recover from the sleep deficit, you may try getting up a little later in the morning or taking a short nap during the day on the weekend.
Read the article and learn the tips to recover from a sleep deficit.

9/19/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5261-9/19/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
What are the five pros and cons of artificial intelligence?
AI is so helpful and convenient. If you ask a question, AI searches for relevant information and finds you the answer right away. If you assign a task, AI generates a document, chart, or summary in a matter of seconds. It boosts productivity and helps complete tasks faster and more easily. In the meantime, workers’ roles change, and new skills are required to work with AI. In the world with AI, young graduates are facing difficulty getting entry-level jobs, and existing workers are required to keep upskilling. Also, generative AI can create fake text, voices, images, and videos to deceive people or security systems. As recently reported, AI can hack other systems and steal or destroy information or operations. Environmentally, AI is very costly. It requires a large amount of electricity to run and water to cool the servers. AI data centers also create noise pollution as they emit a constant hum 24/7/365. AI is reshaping workplaces, our lives, and the environment, and just like smartphones, we cannot live without it anymore.
Read the article and learn what AI does to and for humans.

9/18/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5260-9/18/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
Karaoke for one: China’s $1 trillion ‘loneliness economy’ gives a glimpse of the world’s future
Singlehood has been treated as a bridge stage between independence and marriage for young people. However, more people are now choosing to live by themselves longer and enjoy lonely lifestyles. Thanks to smartphones, they can spend time on video games, video clips, micro dramas, and SNSs as long as they want and never feel lonely. If they feel like talking or chatting with someone, AI companions are there 24/7. And businesses are becoming more accommodating to singledom, especially in Japan, South Korea, and China. Individual food packages at convenience stores and even supermarkets, smaller dishes and hotpot for solo diners at restaurants, and phone-box-sized karaoke booths for lone singers, to name a few. The so-called “solo economy” is attracting businesses because singles tend to have bigger wallets for themselves. Also, since the populations are fast shrinking and more people choose not to form families in these countries, single-person households have become an important market for businesses.
Read the article and learn about the increasing economy in Eastern Asia.

9/17/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5259-9/17/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Drinking very hot beverages could triple cancer risk, large study finds
The esophagus is a muscular tube that carries food and liquid from your throat to your stomach. Like any other internal organ, this 25-centimeter-long food and beverage pipe isn’t cancer-free. In the UK, esophageal cancer makes up about 2% of cancer cases. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and indoor air pollution are known causes of this cancer, but a recent large-scale study in the UK added another risk factor, hot beverages. The risk of developing esophageal cancer increases when the beverage temperature is higher. It was found that those who regularly drink hot beverages have twice the cancer risk, and those who prefer very hot drinks, like 65 degrees or higher, have triple the risk. You may not have to check the drink’s temperature or stop sipping hot drinks altogether, but you can easily cool it down while checking and texting a few messages to reduce the cancer risk.
Read the article and learn what a very hot beverage could do to your esophagus.

9/16/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5258-9/16/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Faster homework, poor exam results: What AI is doing to students’ learning
New York City, the US’s largest school district, is banning the use of generative artificial intelligence for public school students from 2K through 8th grade to protect students’ critical thinking abilities as well as the relationships between students and teachers. But students can still use AI to do their assignments or study at home. How do they use AI, and how does AI help them learn? According to a study that tracked 27,000 junior and senior high school students in China, 56% used AI to get information, 45% had AI explain terms and concepts, and 31% used it to get complete solutions to tasks. Also, students improved their homework scores with AI while spending 30% less time on it. However, their monthly exam scores fell by 20% within six months. AI certainly helps students get their studies done faster and even better, but it doesn’t seem to help them learn much better. Does banning or restricting the use of interactive technology for youth, like SNS, help students learn any better? It may be time for teachers and educators to calibrate or develop tasks and assignments that are suitable for the AI era.
Read the article and learn how AI is affecting students’ learning.

9/15/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5257-9/15/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Mount Fuji pics, life-changing ramen and a weak yen - why young Brits are going to Japan
Last year, nearly half a million tourists from Britain visited Japan, up 25% on the previous year and a 40% increase from 2019, the pre-pandemic peak. It’s a long way to fly, about 9,600 kilometers, and lasting over 13 hours for a non-stop flight and around 16 to 19 hours for a one-stop flight through China, a more economical choice. But once you get to Japan, travelers can enjoy completely different nature, cityscapes, buildings, foods, and cultures from Europe. First-timers often follow the Golden Route, consisting of Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and nearby Nara and Hiroshima. But nowadays, young people in particular are tempted by the places, things, and foods that are shown on TikTok or Instagram, such as Mt Fuji photo spots or Ramen noodles. Japan is also budget-friendly for young Brits. Thanks to the well-established public transport, visitors can travel around the country quite easily, inexpensively, and safely. Also, you do not have to pay high admission fees to visit World Heritage sites like Shiretoko. And thanks to the weak yen and long-term deflation, traveling around Japan is quite affordable, including transport, food, and accommodation, compared with European or North American destinations. And the British were among the record 43 million foreign visitors to Japan last year. 
Read the article and learn why more British people are visiting Japan.

9/14/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5256-9/14/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How one of the 'most powerful hacks' to control stress actually works
We feel nervous or stressed from time to time, like before a job interview or big presentation, or when a loved one is in trouble or danger. One technique to ease such mental stress is box breathing, a deep-breathing method that can help calm and regulate your autonomic nervous system, including blood pressure, sense of calm, and stress. Box breathing consists of four equal-period steps: inhale slowly through your nose to a slow count of four, hold the breath and count four, breathe out slowly through your mouth for a count of four, and hold your lungs empty for another four count. Then restart the cycle as many times as you want. This practice trains you to get used to various levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and brain, and helps you to improve your stress resilience. It takes only about 16 seconds to practice one box breathing cycle, and you can do it almost anytime, anywhere, and as many times as you want. If you still wonder if it works for you, try counting to four while inhaling through your nose.
Read the article and learn about the four-step, four-count box breathing.

9/13/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5255-9/13/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
They bought a house in LA. The neighbours are bears - and they won't stay out of the pool
Of the estimated 60,000 black bears living in California, around 1,600 live in Los Angeles County. Monrovia is a suburban city in LA, located in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains, about 30 kilometers from downtown LA. Soon after a pair bought a house there and moved in, they were visited by uninvited guests, black bears. The wild animals visit the couple’s house not just occasionally but several times a week, regularly. On warm days, a mother bear, named Maddie, and her cubs enjoy bathing in the swimming pool. Another bear, they call Nappy, loves taking long siestas while floating in the pool. The couple allows them to spend time on their property by keeping a healthy distance from the furry wild animals and staying inside the house during their visit. Also, they never leave trash cans or any food outdoors. Indeed. Even though black bear attacks are very rare in California, they are wild animals and could pose a risk to public safety. In the meantime, black bears are the indigenous residents in the mountains, and humans entered and developed the foothills to inhabit them.
Read the article and see the images of black bears enjoying themselves in a human’s swimming pool.


9/12/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5254-9/12/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
9/11: What happened and how many people died in September 11 attacks?
Yesterday, the US marked the 25th anniversary of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. It was early morning on September 11, 2001, when 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four passenger planes: two departed from Boston, one from DC, and another from New Jersey, all of which were loaded with fuel for their transcontinental flights to California. Shortly after their departures, they were all hijacked and controlled by Islamist extremists for their suicidal missions. Two airplanes hit and destroyed the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York, one crashed into the Pentagon, the US military’s headquarters in DC, and another crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. A total of nearly 3,000 people were killed, including all those on board the four planes, more than 2,700 on the ground, including 343 firefighters in the Twin Towers helping with the evacuation. Shortly after the attacks, the US and its allies invaded Afghanistan to eradicate Al-Qaeda and hunt down the masterminds. Around the world, flight safety measures were tightened to prevent hijackings. Yesterday, a memorial service was held at each crash site.
Read the article and learn about the terrorist attacks that took place 25 years ago.

9/11/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5253-9/11/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How Cubans are navigating the US oil blockade with rechargeable fans and solar-powered Chinese tricycles
In addition to the decades-long trade sanctions, the US administration launched a fuel blockade to Cuba, targeting oil tankers heading to Cuba and threatening tariffs on supplier nations, including Mexico and Venezuela. This has added more severity to the already suffering in the Cuban economy and everyday life. Such are widespread and continual blackouts, clean water shortages due to disabled water treatment and pumping facilities, and an increase in diseases because of failing water systems and food refrigeration. Also, cars and buses don’t have enough fuel to serve their purposes. However, Cubans have overcome whatever obstacles are placed in their way for decades to live without daily essentials through creativity and resilience. For example, farmers pasteurize milk over charcoal fires, commuters ride Chinese-made solar-powered e-tricycles, and restaurants grind coffee by hand if they ever have a diner. Cuba has very little fuel supply, but it seems abundant in vitality and ingenuity for survival.  
Read the article and learn how resilient Cubans are.
https://edition.cnn.com/2026/09/05/americas/cuba-us-oil-blockade-electricity-creativity-intl-latam

9/10/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5252-9/10/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
UN votes to adopt new world map to reflect Africa's true size
Drawing an accurate two-dimensional flat map of a three-dimensional sphere is mathematically impossible because flattening a globe always introduces distortion. In the 18th century during the colonial era, the Mercator projection became the standard for navigation because it preserves angles and shapes. Even today, it is the most commonly used map projection, including Google Maps. However, it inflates the landmasses the farther they are from the equator. For example, Greenland appears the same size as Africa, but its real size is comparable to the DR Congo alone. Also, Africa appears the same size as South America, but it is actually one and a half times as large. On September 5, sponsored by Togo and supported by the African Union (AU), the “Correct the Map” resolution was adopted at the UN General Assembly. It aims to correct a centuries-old visual bias that makes Africa appear smaller in education, media, and global policy, and to present Africa’s true size. Since the resolution is not binding, Africa might be shown in different proportions on world maps, at least for a while. The USA was the only state that voted against the “Make Africa Greater Resolution”. It seems that the current administration wants to redraw the world map to make America look greater.
Read the article and learn what world maps mean to Africa.

9/09/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5251-9/9/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
It’s a top guest complaint but many hotels can’t fix it
For a hotel room in the same district, the higher the price you pay, the cleaner and fancier the room you can expect, including cleanliness, furniture, linens, bathroom, and bed. However, until you get into the room or lie in the bed, you may not know how much noise is coming from outside your room, including noise from the street, hall, elevator, icebox, swimming pool, or adjacent rooms, especially when your neighboring guests enter the room late at night and start talking or turn on the TV.  Newly constructed luxury hotels usually have thicker walls and windows that reduce the noise from outside or adjacent rooms. Also, some hotel booking sites show a soundproof sign on the property or rooms. But when other guests talk in the hallway or elevator hall, your sound sleep might be disturbed. One thing you could do is to request a room on a higher floor, in a quieter part of the building, or away from the elevator when you book or check in at the hotel. Another way, budget permitting, is to stay in a suite whose bedroom is separated by at least two doors from the hall. But probably the surest and cheapest tool that helps mitigate a noise problem in your hotel room is to bring earplugs.
Read the article and learn about the noise problem in hotels.

9/08/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5250-9/8/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Netherlands moves billions in gold to London in 'crisis preparedness' move
Gold is precious because of its unique physical properties, rarity, and historical admiration. It never rusts or loses its shine even after thousands of years. Also, it is easy to melt and shape, ideal for accessories, and it allows electricity to pass through with very little energy loss, suitable for electronics. About 226,600 tonnes of gold have been mined so far, and nearly 3,600 tonnes are newly mined each year.
Central banks keep gold to diversify their foreign exchange reserves and protect against economic and political risks. Recently, the Dutch central bank (DNB) moved 86 tonnes of gold stock from the USA and Canada to the Bank of England to strengthen its resilience and preparedness under increasing geopolitical unrest. The share of its gold stock in the US was reduced from 31% to 18.5%, while the share in London was increased from 18% to 32%. Does this move reflect the recent ambiguity and unpredictability of US foreign policies? Also, how were the 86 tonnes of gold bars moved across the Atlantic Ocean?
Read the article and learn about the recent Dutch central bank’s $12 billion golden move.

9/07/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5249-9/7/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Health crisis looming as Gaza heads towards rainy season, warns WHO
Located about 76km southwest of Jerusalem on the Mediterranean coast, Gaza is a city in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. It was the most populous city in Palestine with a population of a little over two million. In October 2023, the Gaza war broke out, and the 3-year war has killed over 80,000 Palestinians, mostly civilians. It has also brought out a high humanitarian crisis as Israel destroyed most of Gaza’s civilian infrastructure, such as hospitals and schools, and essential services, including water, electricity, and sanitation. Though the fourth peace plan was agreed, Israel’s blockade has still been cutting off daily necessities, including water, food, and medical supplies. Around two million Palestinians still live in Gaza, most of whom are internally displaced, across hundreds of temporary camps and shelters. There, water quality has deteriorated, microbiological contamination skyrocketed, and cases of acute diarrhea have doubled since March. As the rainy season approaches, flooding will occur and then send sewage, waste, and contaminated water into places where displaced people live, which could cause a public health disaster. In addition to supplying daily essentials, building water and sanitation infrastructure is urgently needed for people in Gaza.
Read the article and learn about the health crisis in Gaza.

9/06/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5248-9/6/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Forget Starbucks coffee - Gen Z like their drinks ice cold
What drink did you buy at Starbucks last time? Founded in 1971, Starbucks is a global coffeehouse chain that operates more than 40,000 locations in 87 countries. It offers a wide variety of coffee, tea, and other cold drinks, such as iced coffees and teas, cold-brew coffees, and a variety of Frappuccinos. In the US, cold drinks now make up over 70% of Starbucks’s beverage sales. Their Gen Z customers, those who were born between 1997 and 2012, especially like cold drinks, and over 60% of their purchases are cold drinks. They seem to enjoy customizing cold drinks themselves as a form of self-expression and identity, like clothing or hair color. This is good for the coffee chain’s business because the prices of popular Frappuccinos are twice as high as regular coffee. Also, more than 70% of their customers now buy cold drinks year-round, and other fast-food and drinks chains are following suit. Driven by young customers, competition for cold drinks is heating up these days.
Read the article and learn what young people buy at Starbucks.

9/05/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5247-9/5/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Google Maps changes Lake Ontario to ‘Lake America’ in US searches
The Great Lakes - Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario - are a group of five large interconnected lakes in North America that provide drinking water for more than 40 million people in Canada and the USA. Four of the lakes, Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, sit along the border between Canada and the United States while Lake Michigan lies entirely within the US. Lake Ontario is the smallest and easternmost of the five lakes, and the Canada-United States border spans the center of the lake. Ontario is the most populous province of Canada and is the home to Ottawa, Canada’s capital, and Toronto, the largest city. Though called by different names during the French colonial era, Lake Ontario has been the common name on both sides of the border. On January 20, 2025, US President Trump directed US federal agencies to refer to the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America to promote national pride. Likewise, after failing to reach a trade deal with Canada, he issued an executive order on August 27, renaming "Lake Ontario" to “Lake America.” Now, if you look at Google Maps in the US, you’ll find “Lake America” instead of “Lake Ontario”, while it remains “Lake Ontario” in Canada and other countries. After a few days, Apple followed suit. Will other apps, maps, globes, and publications follow suit, or wait until the midterm elections in November?
Read the article and learn what the name change of a lake could mean to the US and Canada.

9/04/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5246-9/4/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
There's something unique about eating together that's good for us
Today, many diners happily eat their meals with a smartphone in one hand and a fork, spoon, or chopsticks in the other. They don’t necessarily feel lonely eating by themselves because they are busy interacting with others online or watching videos of their interests. In the modern world, we tend to be more isolated than ever before because of technology, business, and lifestyle choices. In the meantime, we are missing opportunities to connect with family, friends, and the community when we eat alone. But commensality, the practice of eating with others, plays an important role in our health, nutrition, and well-being. For example, when we eat alone, we often eat the same or similar foods with fewer ingredients. Studies also find that eating together slows the brain’s aging because the brain becomes more activated to interact with others. Furthermore, when you enjoy eating with others, they also enjoy eating together. Therefore, you shouldn’t hesitate to ask someone to have a meal together because most of the time, people are more receptive to such invitations than you think. Read the article and learn the benefits of commensality.

9/03/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5245-9/3/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
France relaxes strict cheese-making rules after prolonged drought
Appellation d'Origine Protégée (AOP) rules are European Union regulations that protect regional foods, drinks, and agricultural products tied to a specific geographic area and traditional local expertise. Famous French mountain cheeses like Abondance, Beaufort, and Comté are protected by these strict AOP rules and specifications, including every step of production and processing, the local environment, and animal feed. However, because of the severe drought this summer, France has temporarily relaxed some of the AOP rules to produce these cheeses. Now, producers of these cheeses can temporarily supplement cow diets with fodder and grain from outside the designated geographical zones. The question is whether different animal feed makes a noticeable difference to the flavor and taste of these cheeses, and if it does, how much. Also, no one knows if farmers will find enough local feed for their cows in the future. Another impact of the changing climate.
Read the article and learn how the quality and authenticity of premium cheeses are maintained.

9/02/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5244-9/2/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Scottish Highlands benefiting from 'coolcation' trend
Greek islands, Italian coasts, and Spanish beaches are Europe’s popular destinations for summer vacationers, along with cities like Paris, London, and Barcelona. However, as wildfires, droughts, and heatwaves are making these popular destinations less comfortable in summer, more vacationers are looking at cooler places in northern Europe, such as Scotland, Iceland, and Scandinavian countries. Indeed. As summer gets hotter, coolcation in the Scottish Highlands and The Hague, a Dutch coastal city, have become new destinations for coolcation. Good news for local businesses and the economy. Also, increased tax revenues may fund the maintenance and upgrade of local infrastructure. In the meantime, prices rise, places become noisier, and roads and public transportation get too crowded. Also, once a place becomes an Instagram hotspot, too many people may come to further Instagram the spot, disrupting local lives. Is the other hemisphere too cold for summer vacation?
Read the article and learn how climate change is redrawing Europe’s summer tourism map.  

9/01/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5243-9/1/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Google, Microsoft and OpenAI among 100 firms calling for better cyber defences
On August 26, part of a massive glacier collapsed in the Himalayas, triggering a catastrophic landslide and deadly flooding along the Nepal and Tibet border. Hundreds were killed, and over a thousand are missing. None of the man-made defence structures, including dams, reservoirs, levees, dikes, and floodwalls, could stop the devastating flood from wiping away buildings, bridges, vehicles, and people.
Recently, OpenAI and Anthropic each reported incidents in which their autonomous agents escaped isolated testing environments and hacked platforms, the world’s first AI-enabled cyberattacks. They suggest that the existing protective measures, security systems, and defence mechanisms aren’t protective enough to ensure the safety and security of IT systems against AI hackers. On August 27, a group of more than 100 prominent tech and financial firms, including OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft, Google, VISA, and MasterCard, issued their joint open letter calling on organizations and businesses to upgrade their cyber defences to protect them from AI-powered cyberattacks. The letter warns that AI-driven cyberattacks will become exponentially more sophisticated and widespread in the coming months, and urges global organizations, utilities, and governments to act swiftly to protect critical infrastructure, such as hospitals, water treatment plants, and the internet grid. The video footage of the devastating Himalayan flood looked like a science fiction movie. AI-powered cyberattacks will be instant, widespread, and disruptive to lives, systems, and businesses around the world. And they will come without a warning.
Read the article and learn how vulnerable the world is to natural disasters and cyberattacks.

8/31/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5242-8/31/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Norway mourns King Harald as new era begins under Haakon VIII
The Kingdom of Norway is a parliamentary constitutional monarchy that lies on the Scandinavian Peninsula. After the Norwegian parliament declared the dissolution of the union with Sweden in 1905, Prince Carl of Denmark was elected King of Norway and took the name Haakon VII. He reigned over the country until his death in 1957, and was then succeeded by Olav V. When he died in 1991, Harald V became King of Norway until his death on August 28. He was very popular and was often called the grandfather of the nation. Then his second child and only son, Haakon VIII, succeeded the monarch of Norway at the age of 53. His heir apparent is his firstborn daughter, Crown Princess Ingrid Alexandra, not his secondborn prince, because of the 1990 constitutional change that designates the eldest child, regardless of sex, as taking precedence in the line of succession. Though Norway’s king carries out mostly ceremonial, representative, and symbolic duties, long live the king.
Read the article and learn about royal succession in Norway.

8/30/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5241-8/30/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
Why Rohingya refugees are protesting in Cox’s Bazar, 9 years after genocide
The Rohingya are a mostly Muslim ethnic group who live in the western coastal state of Rakhine, one of the poorest states in Myanmar. After Buddhist-majority Myanmar launched a military crackdown in Rakhine following an attack by an armed group in 2017, many of the Rohingya escaped and crossed the border to Muslim-majority Bangladesh in a mass exodus. Since then, more than 1.2 million Rohingya refugees have been living in about 30 camps in Cox’s Bazar in southeastern Bangladesh, forming the world’s largest refugee settlement. As the Rohingya aren’t officially recognized by Myanmar’s government, they are the world’s largest homeless and stateless ethnic group. To mark nine years since the military crackdown, tens of thousands of Rohingya refugees in the camps held mass protests and rallied on August 25, calling for justice, accountability for the 2017 atrocities, safe and dignified repatriation to Rakhine State in Myanmar, and full citizenship rights. The Secretary-General of the UN also called for renewed global attention & action to the plight of the Rohingya, and for the international community to provide humanitarian assistance, alongside livelihood opportunities & self-reliance support.
Read the article and learn about the hardship and suffering of the Rohingya refugees.

8/29/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5240-8/29/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
World's oceans hit highest temperature on record as El Niño grows
Oceans cover about 80% of the Southern Hemisphere and 60% of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, average worldwide sea temperatures usually reach their annual peak in March to April when the summer ends in the Southern Hemisphere. The highest average ocean surface temperatures were recorded in March 2024. This year, a very strong El Niño weather phenomenon is warming the surface of the eastern and central tropical Pacific Oceans and is predicted to develop towards the end of the year, which will make the ocean surface temperatures hotter than now. According to the EU’s Earth Observation Program, the average ocean surface temperature outside the polar regions on August 22 was 21.1C, hotter than the previous record. This year, the world is experiencing more severe weather conditions and events than ever, including heatwaves, droughts, storms, and wildfires. As global warming accelerates and the strong El Niño develops, how hot will the ocean temperatures be in March or April next year?  
Read the article and learn how catastrophically the planet is warming.

8/28/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5239-8/28/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Iranian women defy efforts by hardliners to enforce wearing of hijab
The 1979 Iranian Revolution overthrew the pro-Western monarchy and established an Islamic Republic led by cleric Khomeini. Immediately, the authorities started urging women to wear the hijab, a headscarf many Muslim women wear as a sign of faith, privacy, and modesty. Iran’s penal code criminalizes women in public without a hijab, but it does not define what it means clearly and has not been enforced consistently. Prayer leaders and hardliners claim the hijab is essential for cultural identity and have been pressing the authorities to enforce the code more strictly to remove what they call “public nudity.” However, Iran now has other priorities to deal with, including water scarcity, economic sanctions, and war against the USA and Israel. Indeed, Iran desperately needs unity among men and women, the old and the young. So, when women without hijab take part in government-supportive gatherings, the authorities have very little to say or do, at least for now. Is the US giving Iranian women the chance to show themselves more openly?
Read the article and learn about the change in Iran’s headscarf requirement.

8/27/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5238-8/27/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Anti-social: It's fads, not friends, which now dominate our feeds
SNS stands for Social Networking Service. It refers to online platforms, such as Instagram, Facebook, X, and TikTok, where people create personal profiles, connect with friends or strangers, and share content. But nowadays, these platforms are mainly used for entertainment and discovery, whereas WhatsApp and WeChat are used for social purposes. More people post interesting videos or photos to entertain others who enjoy seeing them passively, like TV. Since such videos are shown according to the viewers’ interests and tastes, advertisers are trying to take advantage of AI-powered digital ad targeting with ever more creative and entertaining content. Indeed, people tend to just choose from recommendations rather than browsing the Internet. Facebook was launched in 2004, YouTube in 2005, Instagram in 2010, and TikTok in 2016. As people’s interests and behaviors change, they are transforming themselves from SNS to not-so-social platforms.
Read the article and learn about how SNSs have changed over the years.

8/26/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5237-8/26/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Afghan women tell the BBC their lives are unrecognisable after five years of Taliban rule
The Islamic Movement of Taliban is a religious and militant organization that took control of Afghanistan when the US withdrew its troops after a 20-year conflict. The Taliban is the sole legal political force that governs the country through an absolute fusion of political authority and strict interpretation of Sharia law, a religious and moral code for Muslims. Under Taliban rule, women and girls face severe, systemic oppression, described as gender apartheid. For example, girls aren’t allowed to receive secondary or higher education. Women are forbidden from visiting public places, including parks and gyms. Also, they cannot leave their homes unless accompanied by a male guardian. Even for healthcare, rules restrict male doctors from treating women. Since there are only 6,000 midwives for 24 million women, roughly one midwife per 4,000 women, Afghanistan has one of the world’s highest maternal mortality rates. What are women’s lives like in Afghanistan?
Read the article and learn how ill-treated girls and women are in Afghanistan.

8/25/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5236-8/25/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Robots are asking for tips. But who actually gets the money?
In the US, it is standard practice to leave the server a tip, which typically ranges from 15% to 25% of the tab before sales tax. Those servers live mainly on tips because the federal minimum wage for tipped workers is only $2.13 per hour, less than one-third of the standard minimum wage. You may calculate the tip amount yourself and write it down on the tab, or choose a percentage shown on the tip screen. Also, many people give a small tip to a barista or bartender when they get their drink, especially for a drink that requires some work or skill to make. Now, more robots are serving dishes and drinks. Should you leave a tip for a robot server as you do for a human? You may do so if you are entertained or satisfied by the robot, but you may wonder where the money goes. As style and technology change how drinks and meals are served, the practice of tipping seems to change accordingly.
Read the article to learn about the changes in tipping practice in the USA.

8/24/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5235-8/24/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, Why travellers are obsessed with foreign supermarkets
When you visit a historic monument or museum in a foreign place, you’ll see and feel the culture and legacy of the past. If you walk around a supermarket, convenience store, or grocery shop, you’ll find today’s life. The variety of food, spices, and packaging on the shelves may be very different from what you have where you live. Even if you feel little interest in your grocery shopping at home, you’ll find it so lively and exotic in a supermarket, as if you’re walking around a present-day museum in the local atmosphere, environment, and people. Also, at a local supermarket, you don’t have to pay a hefty admission fee for foreigners or a rip-off price for souvenirs. You can walk around free of charge and buy day-to-day items at a local price. What’s more, you don’t need to join a tour or hire a car for hours to visit a supermarket or convenience store. You can just drop by or walk in your spare time. All in all, local shops may provide you with a more exotic experience than souvenir shops.
Read the article and learn what you can find and experience in local supermarkets

8/23/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5234-8/23/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Don’t yell at your child over not wanting to go to school
Raising children is always a challenge. Many young kids don’t know what to do, and teenagers do only what they want to. When children are reluctant to go to school, which do you think works better, yelling at them to go to school or encouraging them to find something they like at school? However, there might be some obstacles for them to get out of their comfort zone and go to an uncomfortable place. They may not enjoy the classes, classmates, teachers, or environment. They may not be interested or motivated to take part in school activities or learn in classes. Whatever the reasons might be, scolding or yelling at them won’t help much. Also, going to school after a long summer vacation is another challenge for many children. They tend to spend as much time as they want on their smartphone, especially late at night, which makes it harder for them to get up early in the morning to go to school. Instead of just saying do or don’t do what to their children, parents may want to work with them to live healthier lives for their well-being; otherwise, their smartphone will become their regulator.
Read the article and learn how to deal with children when they have trouble going to school.

8/22/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5233-8/22/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Airline passengers hate middle seats. But that’s not why United is getting rid of some of them
For airlines, putting more seats and squeezing as many passengers as possible is a common practice for budget airlines. They are now trying to make money by charging more for baggage while keeping the airfare competitive with other airlines. Major airlines are adding upgraded seats and services to charge more for available seats, including extra legroom and seat selections in economy class, better seats and services in premium economy class, and doored suites in business class. Now, United Airlines, the world’s largest airline by fleet size, announced extra elbow room in two window and two aisle seats in the economy plus section of its upcoming new long-range, narrow-body aircraft. The arrangement will eliminate two not-so-happy economy-plus passengers in the blocked middle seats while enhancing a little more room and privacy for the surrounding four passengers, for an additional cost. Since the aircraft is designed for a long flight, the airline expects some passengers to pay more for a little more space. Full-service carriers are trying to charge more for seats, while budget airlines are charging more for baggage. The choice is yours.
Read the article and learn what’s behind the new seat arrangement by United Airlines.

8/21/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5232-8/21/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
We're getting mealtimes wrong - here's the best time to have dinner
What matters for your diet is not just what and how much you eat, but also when to eat. Our internal body clock, or circadian rhythm, plays an important role in how our body processes food because it affects our hunger, digestion, and metabolism. A 20-week study found that people who ate lunch at an earlier time lost more weight and faster than those who took late lunches. As for dinner time, if you eat when your body prepares to sleep, your glucose control will be impaired, and your cells tend to store fat rather than digest it. From the same input, very different outcomes can be created depending on the time of day. Indeed, our bodies tend to be quite different between the morning and the evening.
Read the article and learn how influential the meal time is to your health.

8/20/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5231-8/20/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Spotify to add label for AI-generated artists and remove them from recommendations
Launched in 2008, Spotify is a Swedish audio streaming service platform that provides access to more than 100 million tracks, millions of podcasts, and thousands of audiobooks. More than 777 million users in 184 markets enjoy the service. In many songs and videos Spotify presents, AI is used to some extent, which seems to be a generally accepted, yet controversial, practice. Also, more AI-generated performers like Xania Monet are appearing, singing, and performing on music and video platforms. Although not all listeners mind if the music is sung by an AI-generated persona, some feel disappointed or deceived when they find out the performer’s identity. Recently, Spotify has introduced a feature that will show the AI identity in its artist profiles and playlists, though it won’t reveal how the music was created. Nowadays, a large number of short videos with unique characters and animals appear each day. Even though AI is a common feature for creating music and videos, the identity of the musicians and characters might help enhance their authenticity.
Read the article and think about how much the identity of artists matters to you.

8/19/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5230-8/19/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, ‘Brand-new everything’: How data centers transformed this small town’s economy
As the use of AI becomes the norm, more facilities are needed to store, process, share, and manage data and run applications. That’s why data centers are being built around the world. A data center facility houses networked computer servers, data storage devices, and network equipment. They consume a massive amount of energy to run their servers and to cool them from overheating. They are operated 24/7 remotely, so they need only a few people on site for maintenance. Therefore, data centers are built where space and electricity are economically available, but not much of a human workforce. Local residents fear their electricity bills will rise if a power-hungry data center is built. Also, they worry about heat exhaustion and noise pollution from the facility. Quinsy is a small farming town in the state of Washington with a population of around 8,500. Microsoft, Yahoo!, Dell and others have located large data centers since 2007, and there are around 30 of them now. What are the benefits and problems of data centers to the residents, community, and economy?
Read the article and learn about the impacts of data centers in a small town.

8/18/2026

Topic Reading-Vol.5229-8/18/2026

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
World's oceans hit record-high July temperatures
Oceans regulate the climate, absorb excess heat, and produce half of the planet’s oxygen. Ocean warming expands seawater and causes sea level rise, marine heatwaves that affect ocean biodiversity, and evaporates more heat and moisture into the air, which intensifies tropical storms. El Niño is an unusual warming of ocean surface waters in the tropical Pacific. Combined with global warming, it can cause temperature spikes and more extreme weather conditions, including heatwaves and drought. This year, the effects of El Niño are seen in many places. Western Europe experienced the hottest June-July period, about 2.8 degrees Celsius above average, and the US recorded the hottest-ever July. Record-high temperatures and heatwaves cause rapid evaporation, sucking moisture from soils, plants, and reservoirs, and severe droughts across Europe and the western US, triggering intense and widespread wildfires in Spain, France, and Canada. Global warming fuels El Niño, and El Niño intensifies extreme weather conditions. How hot and dry is this August going to be?
Read the article and learn why and how hot this summer is in the Northern Hemisphere.