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11/14/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4952-11/14/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Should you always treat a fever? The symptom that puzzled doctors for millennia
People used to think fever itself was a disease and needed to be treated. But we now know that we get fevers when our bodies are fighting off infections from viruses, bacteria, or fungi. Also, we get fevers as a sign of serious illnesses, such as scarlet fever, dengue fever, or yellow fever. A fever, a body temperature above 38 degrees, is part of our bodies’ innate response to infection or illness because a higher body temperature makes it harder for bacteria and viruses to survive and helps the immune system work more effectively. However, a rapid rise in core body temperature in reaction to certain medications or heat illness can be dangerous and harmful to our internal systems. Also, persistent high temperatures could lead to dehydration. Since a fever itself isn’t a disease but a sign of infection, an immune system response, or a symptom of other conditions, the cause of the fever needs to be identified and treated. A fever tells you something is wrong with your body.
Read the article and learn what fever does to our bodies.

11/13/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4951-11/13/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Xania Monet is the first AI-powered artist to debut on a Billboard airplay chart, but she likely won’t be the last 
Billboard is an American weekly music magazine. It publishes music charts that rank the popularity of songs and albums across different genres, including The Billboard Hot 100. Its rankings are based on sales, online streaming, and radio airplay in the USA. According to the publisher, at least six AI or AI-assisted artists have debuted on various Billboard rankings in the past few months, and an AI singer called Xania Monet is the first known AI artist on a Billboard radio chart. She was designed by a poet who writes the lyrics and sings them with help from a generative AI music creation program. She signed a multimillion-dollar deal with a music company and released an album and a seven-track EP this summer. Those who have listened to her singing might not have realized she is an AI-powered singer. Indeed, with anonymous and mysterious origins, who or how much is powered by AI is becoming hard to tell.
Read the article and learn about the new AI singer who is on a Billboard chart. 
https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/01/entertainment/xania-monet-billboard-ai

11/12/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4950-11/12/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Saudi Arabia is making a massive bet on becoming a global AI powerhouse
Saudi Vision 2030 is Saudi Arabia’s ambitious, strategic framework launched in 2016 to diversify Saudi Arabia's economy away from oil, develop public service sectors, and create a vibrant society, including a regenerative tourism megaproject called Red Sea Destination and a massive entertainment, sports, and tourism project, Qiddiya. The kingdom also established an artificial intelligence company, Humain, earlier this year. It aims to develop and manage cutting-edge AI technologies and infrastructure, including next-generation data centers and AI infrastructure by taking advantage of the kingdom’s abundant and cheap energy resources. Also, Humain plans to develop advanced AI models, solutions, and multimodal Arabic large language models (LLM). In fact, the company is built and operated mostly by AI systems internally to run most parts of its functions, including HR, finance, legal, IT, and operations. Since Humain is built exclusively on AI infrastructure and operation and targeting the Arabic world, it might have a competitive edge at least in the picture.
Read the article and learn about Saudi Arabia’s ambitious AI initiative and investment.

11/11/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4949-11/11/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Egypt's Grand Museum opens, displaying Tutankhamun tomb in full for first time
About a 40-minute drive from the Cairo International Airport, Giza is an Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile, near Cairo. It is famous for the pyramid complex and the sphinx, attracting over 14 million visitors annually. Only two kilometers from the pyramids, the long-awaited Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) officially and fully opened to visitors on November 1. GEM is the world’s largest and newest archaeological museum with 100,000 artefacts from seven millennia, covering from pre-dynastic times to the Greek and Roman eras, 20,000 of which had never been displayed in public, including King Ttankhamun's collections. GEM is a modern tourist attraction to enjoy ancient Egypt!
Read the article and learn what the newly opened Grand Egyptian Museum is like.

11/10/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4948-11/10/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
World will overshoot 1.5 degree climate goal, UN says
According to the UN Environment Program, the world is going to miss the climate change target to limit the global temperature rise below 1.5 degrees Celsius. This means the world needs to work even harder and faster to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to minimize the impact of climate change. However, with the current emission reduction target set by governments, the average temperature is predicted to rise 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius from the pre-industrial level. This would put more than twice as many people exposed to extreme heat as with the 1.5 degrees target. Actually, with current policies set by governments, the temperatures will rise by up to 2.8 degrees, well beyond the target. Now, the 2025 UN climate summit (COP30) starts today until the 21st in BelĂ©m, Brazil. It aims for a swifter transition to renewable energy sources, greater use of natural climate solutions, and more investment from both the public and private sectors, especially to help those countries most affected by climate change. However, the second-largest greenhouse gas emitter, the USA, isn’t sending any high-level federal officials to the climate summit. Instead, it’s drilling more to extract oil and gas to burn. Which country will take the initiative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions?
Read the article and learn how much the world has already warmed and will warm within a decade.

11/09/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4947-11/9/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Planes, prayers, and a golden Buddha: Inside Cambodia’s $2 billion-dollar airport gamble
Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1992, Angkor Wat is a massive, 12th-century temple complex in Cambodia. Before the Pandemic, nearly three million people visited the magnificent ruin. The nearest airport was the 90-year-old Siem Reap International Airport, only 8 km from downtown Siem Reap, the gateway to the ruins of Angkor, but in 2023, it was replaced by Siem Reap–Angkor International Airport, located nearly 50 km east of the city center. Last year, just over a million international tourists bought tickets to the monument.
The capital city of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, used to be served by conveniently located Pochentong International Airport, only 9 km from the city center. It was replaced by the newly built Techo International Airport in September this year. It is located a little over 20 km south of the capital. A massive nine-ton bronze Buddha statue sits in the departure area of the airport to convey peace and happiness to departing travelers. Both airports are expected to play key roles in Cambodia’s Sacred Tourism 2025-2035 to develop wellness, agricultural, and community tourism. The government hopes the modern airports will help draw more travelers to Cambodia. However, increased caution is advised for visitors due to safety concerns and border conflict with Thailand. How will the new airports help Cambodia’s tourism?
Read the article and learn about the newly opened airport in Phnom Penh.

11/08/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4946-11/8/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Design graduates 'competing' against AI for jobs
Three years ago when ChatGPT was released, most of us didn’t expect that AI would become as creative and productive as it is now. Only a few years later, AI can assist graphic designers by automating repetitive tasks like image resizing and background removal, generating creative assets such as logos, layouts, and characters, enhancing existing designs by improving image quality and suggesting color palettes, and even accomplishing whole creative tasks. This not only allows designers to be more efficient and focus on higher-level creative work but also reduces the need for graphic designers. It is predicted that graphic design jobs will be one of the fastest declining roles by 2030 because of AI. However, this is nothing new since graphic design has gone through technological change from letterpress to phototypesetting to desktop publishing, and now to Generative AI, and designers have adopted new technologies and upskilled to work with them. The question is whether design schools are teaching the necessary skills to work with AI. Also, design students, design job seekers, and designers need to have a positive and adaptable mindset to work with AI. After all, it is a new era that requires new skills and mindsets.
Read the article and learn how AI is affecting designers’ jobs.

11/07/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4945-11/7/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why the 5G symbol on your phone doesn't mean you have 5G
When you see the top of your smartphone, you’ll find the network provider and an icon of 4G or 5G in most civilized areas. 4G and 5G are both generations of mobile network technology, with 5G being the fifth and most advanced. While 4G is the fourth generation, capable of downloading or streaming videos and games at around 100 Mbps (megabits-per-second) speed, the fifth generation 5G offers significantly higher speeds, much lower latency (delay), and greater capacity, making it better for demanding applications like virtual reality at 1 Gbps or faster speed. But do you actually find the streaming speed or game’s responses faster when a 5G icon appears instead of 4G? In fact, the icon on your smartphone means that you’re in a 5G-enabled area, but not necessarily mean that your phone is connected to 5G. In fact, the network dynamically and seamlessly steers users to the best connection, either 4G or 5G, based on the real-time factors like signal strength. Unless you’re paying extra for 5G services, it won’t matter so much as you can still enjoy videos and games with 4G services. Rather, for ordinary users, the network capacity and busyness of the signal area seem to affect more to your phones.
Read the article and learn what the network icon on your smartphone means, and what you actually get.

11/06/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4944-11/6/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
South Korea's fishermen keep dying. Is climate change to blame?
The fishing industry was once a significant part of South Korea’s economy, but it has been declining in recent years. The number of people employed in the industry declined to 114,000 in 2020 from 144,000 in 2015, and almost half of the workforce is now over 65 years old. The industry is then employing inexpensive migrant workers who are willing to work under harsh work conditions. However, they aren’t always given sufficient safety training, and their language barriers with other South Korean crew members could pose dangers when things go wrong at sea. In fact, as sea temperatures around the peninsula are increasing more rapidly than the global average, total fish catches in South Korea have been declining, forcing South Korean fishermen to sail farther out to search for fish. However, South Korean fishermen are facing strong and sudden wind gusts more often at sea, most likely caused by the rising sea temperatures. They are making longer travel and incurring higher fuel costs at rougher seas to catch a little more fish with untrained foreign labor. The prospect for South Korea’s fishermen seems quite gloomy.
Read the article and learn about the challenges South Korea’s fishermen are facing.

11/05/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4943-11/5/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Dazzling Liuyang fireworks festival sets night sky aglow
Liuyang is an inland city in Hunan Province, about 1,000 km from Shanghai. The city has always been the center of fireworks production and innovation in China for the last 14 centuries. Liuyang’s fireworks enterprises have been a prominent feature in major celebrations, including the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2022 Qatar World Cup. On October 24, the 17th Liuyang Fireworks Festival was held to ward off evil spirits, compete and promote their fireworks, and entice spectators. The show seamlessly blended traditional fireworks with drones, multimedia, and interactive technology, all of which are among China’s prime industries. The show’s highlight was a breathtaking display centered on a 160-meter-tall light tower. The director of the event cited that the show was meant to be a convergence of cultural memory, using fireworks to evoke emotion and connect audiences with shared dreams, and indeed, it was.
See the photos and videos about one of the world’s most immersive fireworks and light shows.

11/04/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4942-11/4/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, Exciting results from blood test for 50 cancers
There are over 200 types of cancer. They are classified based on the location in the body where the cancer begins and the type of tissue where it starts, such as in skin, bone, or blood cells. Early detection is essential for better and effective treatment and curing cancer. Usually, cancer is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including physical exams, laboratory tests, and imaging tests like X-rays, CT scans, and MRIs. Launched in 2021, Galleri is a multi-cancer early detection test that analyzes blood for cancer signals, identifies methylation patterns, and predicts the most likely tissue or organ where the cancer may have originated. This will help the doctor decide if or which diagnosis should be taken for the patient. Since many cancers are often found when they have already advanced, an early detection tool like Galleri might increase the chance of a less burdensome cure and survival. Just a blood test to detect the early signs of 50 cancers!
Read the article and learn about a blood test that could detect 50 cancers.

11/03/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4941-11/3/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Is it better to shower in the morning or at night?
Do you take a shower before going to bed or after getting out of bed? It may depend on the activities you did during the day and the environment you spent the day in. If you exercised or got sweaty during the day, you want to wash out the sweat and make your body clean. In the meantime, you may want to be refreshed by taking a morning shower to start the day. Both make sense. You take a shower after a day because you do not want to bring bacteria or dirt into your bed. Another advantage of taking a shower before you go to bed is that it seems to help you fall asleep smoothly. You also want to remove the sweat and microbes picked up while you were sleeping before you wear your clothes. Whichever the choice might be, one thing you want to remember is the bed linen. If you clean your body daily, either before or after your bedtime, but you don’t wash your bed sheets for over a week, you’ll be sleeping in accumulated sweat, bacteria, and microbes. What about pajamas?
Read the article and think about when you want to clean your body and how frequently you should wash your bedsheets.

11/02/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4940-11/2/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
What's the best way to detect and destroy drones?
Drones have fundamentally transformed the war in Ukraine, becoming a dominant force in modern warfare across the air, land, and sea. Inexpensive to produce, easy to operate, and small to detect, drones are widely used for reconnaissance, strikes, and electronic warfare. Since it is too costly and ineffective to shoot down cheap drones with multi-million dollar missiles, drone-targeted detection and defense systems have been developed. Since drones can be produced with plastic, fabrics, or even cardboard and are often very small and quiet, a combination of technologies is being used to detect them, including specialized radar, acoustic sensors, radio frequency (RF) analyzers, and optical/thermal cameras. Once detected, the protective system tries to break the communication between the drone and its operator by emitting a powerful radio signal and then pushes the drone away. But there are drones controlled by fiber optic cables, preprogrammed, or autonomous, which don’t rely on radio signals. Drone technologies and their counter technologies are being developed rapidly for the frontlines and civilian defence.
Read the article and learn about counter technologies for aggressive drones.

11/01/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4939-11/1/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
How daylight saving time affects our health
Often known as summer time, daylight saving time (DST) is the practice of advancing clocks during the summer months. DST is observed in most of Europe, Canada, the USA, and Egypt in the Northern Hemisphere, and Chile, New Zealand, and some parts of Australia in the Southern Hemisphere. Last Sunday, most European countries ended their daylight saving time, and Canada and the USA will end theirs on this coming Sunday, November 2. DST started in some countries over a century ago during World War I to conserve energy by allowing people to extend their use of natural light. However, this artificial time change seems to disrupt the body’s circadian rhythm, which can lead to sleep deprivation, decreased sleep quality, and negative effects on mood, metabolism, and cardiovascular health, especially during the spring forward transition, causing immediate sleep loss and increasing the risk of health problems like heart attacks, strokes, and accidents. It is quite surprising to find such profound effects of starting a day just an hour earlier or later on our physical and mental health. If an hour is too much, can’t we adjust the time a little by little each day by using our smartphones instead of manually changing clocks for an hour a day, like people did a century ago?
Read the article and learn the impacts of daylight saving time.

10/31/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4938-10/31/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Checking your urine plays a key role in your daily hydration habits
Water makes up about 60% of the adult body's weight. It is the main component of most cells, organs, and tissues, and is vital for functions like regulating body temperature, transporting nutrients, and lubricating joints. Water works in conjunction with electrolytes, such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium. Together, they help your body functions, your nerves fire, and your blood pressure stay regulated. When you are dehydrated or overhydrated without enough sodium, your body needs to work harder to keep these functions balanced. How much water you need to take depends on your body size, activity level, and the temperature and humidity you’re in. One easy way to check the hydration level is by checking your urine. The ideal color is pale yellow. If it's darker like the first pee of the morning, you need to take more water. If the color is lighter, you’re hydrated more than enough. Now, consult with your urine about how hydrated you are,
Read the article and learn how essential your hydration level is to your body and health. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/30/health/how-much-water-to-drink-wellness

10/30/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4937-10/30/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Life-changing eye implant helps blind patients read again
It is estimated that as many as five million people suffer from an advanced form of dry aga-related mascular degeneration (AMD), a slow-progressing condition where the macula breaks down, causing blurry or distorted central vision. Vision loss from dry AMD is often gradual, though it can progress quickly and lead to noticeable vision deterioration. Though there is currently no cure for the dry form of AMD, a new technology called the Prima implant gives hope for those sufferes to recover visions. The procedure involves inserting a 2mm-square photovoltaic microchip under the retina, special glasses with a built-in video camera, and a pocket processor, which enhances images and send them back to implant and on the brain. After months of training, the patients will learn how to interpret the images. A 70-year old British woman is so happy to be able to read again with the imlant and eye-glasses. Though it is uncertain when the implant is approved or how much it will cost, there is hope for those who lost their eyesight due to AMD.
Read the article and learn about this break-through vision recovery technology.

10/29/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4936-10/29/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
People are using AI to talk to God
People have become more accustomed, dependent, and obsessed with using AI chatbots on their PCs and smartphones. Unlike human agents, AI chatbots not only respond to your questions but also give guidance according to the situation or provide a solution to a specific problem. Now, such technologies have created religious chatbots, AI programs designed to offer spiritual guidance and information across various faiths. For example, AI Jesus is used for biblical study and moral questioning. Quran Bot provides information about the Quran and its teachings. GitaGPT offers guidance from the Bhagavad Gita, a synthesis of various strands of Indian religious thought. Without consulting with priests, scholars, or spiritual leaders, followers of the religion can now connect with the scriptures in a contemporary and interactive way at any time from anywhere. Furthermore, in the southern Indian state of Kerala, a robotic elephant performs rituals, accepts offerings, and gives blessings. Artificial intelligence is now taking over the spiritual roles of human priests, monks, religious leaders, and religious texts.
Read the article and learn how interactive AI is playing religious roles in India.

10/28/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4935-10/28/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
How real-time translation could transform travel – and what we might lose
Nowadays, when you travel to a place where a different language is spoken, smartphones help you communicate with the locals almost instantly, including at the airport or hotel, in a restaurant or store, on the street, or with a driver or a flight attendant. With smartphones, non-English speakers no longer need to use a middle language like English, but they can communicate with each other directly in their own languages, which causes less frustration and misunderstanding. Now, Apple has introduced a live translation feature with its new AirPods Pro 3. It translates the language spoken to the user almost simultaneously while showing the transcripts on the iPhone. For now, only the latest AirPods users can enjoy hands-free conversation in different languages among themselves. Soon, other smartphones will be equipped with such real-time translation powered by AI. Also, AI may soon mimic the way the original speaker talks. Such technology will surely help people communicate in different languages more smoothly and effortlessly. If so, do we still need to learn other languages or use a middle language like English?
Read the article and learn about the new AirPods that translate other languages instantly.


10/27/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4934-10/27/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Japanese’ interval walking is an easy way to become fit, experts say
If you have half an hour for a physical exercise, Japanese walking might be an easy yet effective way to improve your health. It is an interval walking practice developed by Japanese researchers to boost physical fitness, improve cardiovascular health, and increase muscle strength in older adults, particularly to help prevent lifestyle-related diseases. Japanese walking involves a 3-minute brisk walk followed by a 3-minute slow walk, and repeat this cycle five times, or for 30 minutes. If you do it five times a week, you’ll get 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week, which is the total weekly exercise recommended by the American Heart Association. This interval walking also gives you the chance to go outside and enjoy the fresh air and environment to improve your well-being. As life expectancy increases (Vol. 4933), this easy-to-do exercise might help people live a healthier and happier life.
Read the article and learn about how interval waking might boost your health.

10/26/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4933-10/26/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Global life expectancy is back to pre-pandemic levels, but deaths among teens and young adults are rising
Human ingenuity seems to have been conquering infectious diseases. The number of deaths from measles, diarrheal diseases, and tuberculosis has declined since 1950 worldwide. Even Covid-19, which was the leading cause of death in 2021, was quickly contained to 20th place only after two years, thanks to the quick development and distribution of Covid vaccines, global efforts to limit person-to-person contacts, extensive testing, and mask-wearing. In 2023, the world’s average life expectancy was 76.3 years for women and 71.5 years for men, though it still varies by region. It goes as high as 83 years in wealthy regions but stays as low as 62 years in sub-Saharan Africa. As humans live longer, noncommunicable diseases now account for around two-thirds of global mortality and morbidity, including diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. It seems that longer life expectancy poses new challenges to living a healthy life.
Read the article and learn how our life expectancy has increased.

10/25/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4932-10/25/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
'Worse than starting from scratch': how big is the task of rebuilding Gaza?
The Gaza peace plan was finally signed on October 9, and Israel’s aggression against Gaza seems to have stopped, at least for the time being. Nearly 90% of Gaza was destroyed by Israel, leaving 60 million tons of debris, including unexploded bombs and human remains. They need to be sorted and removed or reused before restoring essential services like water, sewerage, and electricity. For example, most of the water wells, reservoirs, seawater desalination plants, and carrier lines have been destroyed or damaged, as well as over 280,000 houses and apartments, and 90% of roads. Also, most of Gaza’s power plants and lines are non-operational, farmland and farm trees are uncultivable, and most school facilities are ruined. So, where to start the rebuilding work? Since land access to Gaza is limited and controlled by Israel, the construction of a deep-water port is urgent to bring in daily essentials, supplies, goods, and materials. But where will the rubble be removed to? How much and how long will it take for the removal and reconstruction work? Who will fund the costs and pay the bills? Moreover, what role will Israel play after having destroyed the Palestinian territory and killed so many civilians?  ( Vol.4922 )
See photos of Gaza
https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2025/10/17/people-in-gaza-face-severe-shortages-despite-ceasefire-agreement
Read the article and learn about the significance of the damage in Gaza.

10/24/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4931-10/24/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Scientists create ‘Superwood’ that’s 10 times stronger than steel
Concrete is the most widely used construction material because of its high strength, durability, and versatility, combined with its low cost and widespread availability. However, making concrete generates as much as 7% of the world’s global carbon emissions. Though timber isn’t as strong as concrete or steel, it has more environmental benefits because its production processes are less intensive and its weight is much lighter, which makes the structure more resistant to earthquakes and easier for foundations. A US company has developed a new wood material that offers a much higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel. What it takes to make wood much stronger and durable is a chemical process and hot-pressing. The process seems to work for widely available wood species and bamboo. Furthermore, the carbon emissions to produce this “superwood” are 90% lower than manufacturing steel. The company is planning to produce superwood for external applications like decking and cladding to start with, then internal applications such as wall paneling and flooring, and eventually entire buildings. When will we see wooden skyscrapers?
Read the article and learn about how superwood is produced and used.

10/23/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4930-10/23/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Inside Asia's best countries for expats
If you ask international expats where good places are to work and live, five of the top 10 countries on the list are in Asia, according to this year’s international survey, which asked over 10,000 expats around the world. Thailand, Vietnam, and China are ranked fourth, fifth, and sixth, followed by Indonesia and Malaysia in eighth and 10th place. Interestingly, highly modernized Asian countries, Singapore, Japan, and South Korea, are not even in the top 30th in the survey. What do those expats like or value when they work overseas? In the case of Vietnam, though the administrative processes are highly bureaucratic and inefficient, once you get used to them, it is a quite affordable and comfortable place to live and work in. As for China, travelers and expats can enjoy a vast network of public transportation, including air, high-speed railways, subways, and buses to move around. Also, delivery services for food and goods are very well established and affordable. Malaysia seems attractive for expats because of its diverse cultures, English acceptance, affordable living costs, and work-life balance. What people value differs widely, but economy and convenience seem essential to live and work comfortably.
Read the article and learn why these Asian countries are so highly appreciated by expats.

10/22/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4929-10/22/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Finally, I did it!’: TikTok star AurĂ©lien Fontenoy cycles up Eiffel Tower’s 686 steps in extraordinary world record time
The second floor of Paris' iconic Eiffel Tower is 115 meters high. There is an expansive observation deck with sweeping views of Paris landmarks like the Arc de Triomphe and the Louvre. If you take an elevator from the ground floor, it takes less than three minutes to get there, without counting the time for waiting in line. You can also choose to walk up 327 steps to the first floor and another 347 steps to the second floor, for a total of 674 steps. If you get a special permission, you can also cycle up. How long does it take? The previous record, set in 2002, was a little under 20 minutes. On the 3rd of this month, a new world record of 12 minutes and 30 seconds was marked by a 35-year-old French cyclist and social media star. He did so not so much by pedaling but mostly by jumping. Now he is trying to cycle up even taller towers like the Burj Khalifa, the world’s tallest tower in Dubai.
Read the article and learn about a cycler who climbed the Eiffel Tower.

10/21/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4928-10/21/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
'Their resilience is a lesson to us all': The maritime lions hunting seals on the beach
Desert lions are lions that have adapted to live in the harsh desert environments in Namibia, in the southwest of Africa. Desert lions are leaner with longer legs than other lions to help them travel vast distances and have slightly thicker coats to handle both hot days and cold nights. They feed on a variety of prey, such as antelopes, ostriches, and giraffes, and get most of their water from the blood and meat of their prey. There are only around 80-100 desert lions in Namibia, and about a dozen of them now live along the coast to hunt seals. They moved from the arid Namib Desert, searching for food, and adapted to the new habitat, the beach. Indeed, climate change has forced the lions to change their diet from animal meat to seafood and habitat from desert to the beach for survival. After reaching the end of the land, where else can these beach lions go?
Read the article and learn about how desert lions have adapted to their new life in Namibia.

10/20/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4927-10/20/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
No Kings protests draw huge crowds as anti-Trump rallies sweep across US
Authoritarianism is a political system or practice that includes a concentration of power, a lack of political pluralism, suppressed civil liberties, and the use of state-controlled institutions and even armed force to maintain control and suppress opponents. The incumbent US administration led by Trump has been seen as authoritarian since he became President this year. For example, he deployed the National Guard in major cities, including the DC and Losangeles. Also, he suddenly levied excessive tariffs on trade partners and disrupted international trade and supply chains. In addition, the administration used judicial power to investigate and accuse political opponents. His disapproval rating has gone up to 58%, according to a recent poll. Enough is enough. On October 18th, thousands of people rallied on the streets in many US cities, Canada, and even some European countries, protesting against the authoritarian administration at “No Kings” events. So far, the events have been peaceful, and the deployed National Guard has not interfered. But what will the authoritarian administration do in response to the civil resistance movement? History gives us lessons.
Read the article and learn about the No Kings protests that took place on October 18th.

10/19/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4926-10/19/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Schools 'excited but wary' of AI as it cuts teacher workload
AI is already helping secondary school students and teachers at schools a lot, the government of Wales in the UK has found. Students are using AI when they are interested in something, need clarification or explanation of something they don’t understand, or review what they have learned during class. It is indeed faster and easier for students to ask AI questions than to bother their teachers or search for information on the Internet themselves. Teachers are also enjoying the benefits of using AI to draft letters and reports and summarize meeting notes, just like any other business does. They also use AI to plan classes, revise students' work, and customize tasks or texts for individual students. As AI has already become part of school life, teachers are now trying to guide students on how to use it responsibly and effectively, rather than policing or ignoring it. Indeed, who uses a paper dictionary to look for the meaning of AI? So, if you use it, use it properly. That is what Welsh school teachers are trying to teach while they are using AI productively. 
Read the article and learn how schools are using and teaching the use of AI.

10/18/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4925-10/18/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
'Do you want a player to die on court?' - tennis in the heat
In major tennis open events, like Wimbledon, the US Open, the French Open, and the Australian Open, men's singles matches are played as best-of-five sets, which could take two, three, or even longer in a close match, while women’s singles matches are played as best-of-three sets. In summer, tennis players have to endure hours running on the court under grueling heat and humidity. There are heat rules in major events that suspend the matches for a break, but tennis players are also humans. When their bodies get too hot, heat exhaustion or stroke could occur. Nowadays, as September is no cooler or less humid than in mid-summer, tennis players are struggling to play in the high heat and humidity. Imagine playing a competitive singles match, chasing and hitting a ball wth full strength, at a temperature as high as 34 degrees with a humidity of over 80% for hours. Just a short break won’t be enough for the players to cool their bodies and regain strength. It seems necessary to arrange the event venue and time for athletes to play without risking their health or life.
Read the article and learn about the heat stress that tennis players have to endure to play a match.

10/17/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4924-10/17/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Renewables overtake coal as world's biggest source of electricity
While the US administration is ignoring global warming and the world’s effort to cut back fossil fuel consumption, China is driving renewable energy generation in its homeland and abroad. Coal had been the largest source of energy generation until last year, but the growth in solar and wind power generation has outpaced the increasing need for electricity. For the first time, it has become the world’s leading source of electricity in the first half of this year. China is the leading country not only in adding renewable power generation but also in providing economical solar panels around the world. In fact, over half of solar generation is now happening in lower-income countries, thanks to the economically advantageous price of solar panels from China. In the meantime, developed countries like the US and EU are still relying more on fossil fuels to meet the growing demands for electricity, which is driven even further by AI and data centers. By the way, nearly half of the new cars sold in China are new energy vehicles, such as EVs and PHVs. It seems that consistent policies and continuous efforts are both needed to make a big transition happen.
Read the article and learn about what and who are driving renewable energy generation in the world.

10/16/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4923-10/16/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
UN experts condemn 'staggering scale' of executions in Iran
With a population of a little over 90 million, Iran is the 17th most populous country in the world. The last revolution occurred in 1979, and the current constitution was set in the year, amended only once a decade later. Now, Iran’s crime index is about the same as the USA or Belgium, and its major and ongoing criminal issue is drug trafficking, especially opium, which is brought in from neighboring Afghanistan. So far this year, Iran has hanged over 1,000 people, surpassing the annual total of 975 last year. Approximately half of those executed were convicted of drug-related charges, more than those who committed murder. According to international law, capital punishment for drug-related offences is considered inappropriate. Also, severe punishment alone doesn’t seem to have solved Iran’s drug crimes, as the number of drug-related convicts has been increasing. Iran may not be so dangerous to visit, but it is unwise to touch any drug there.
Read the article and learn how severe drug charges are in Iran.

10/15/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4922-10/15/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Two years of Israel’s genocide in Gaza: By the numbers
On October 7, 2023, Hamas-led militants attacked Israel, killing approximately 1,200 people, and abducted around 250 others. Israel immediately began attacking and invading Gaza, killing thousands of civilians and destroying the Palestinian territory. Two years later, the Gaza War peace plan was signed, and about 1,700 Palestinian detainees from Gaza who had been held by Israel without charge were welcomed with tears when they were released in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. They were freed as part of an exchange in which 20 living Israeli hostages were released by Hamas after 738 days in captivity. According to Al Jazeera, a global media network headquartered in Doha, Qatar, over 67,000 Palestinians, including more than 20,000 children, were killed by Israeli forces. Thousands more bodies were still under the rubble, and 170,000 were injured during the two-year war, including medical staff and aid workers.
Wasn’t such use of force the only way to make Hamas disarm and release the living hostages? Who will now help the Palestinians clean up the mess and rebuild Gaza?
Read the article and learn how devastated Gaza has been in the last two years.

10/14/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4921-10/14/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Windows 10 users urged to prepare for Microsoft pulling support
If you’re “still” using the Windows 10 operating system on your PC, today is Doomsday. After October 14, 2025, Microsoft will no longer provide software and security updates or bug fixes for the 10-year-old OS. If you keep using your PC with Windows 10, it’ll become more vulnerable to viruses or malicious software. There are three options you can choose from. The easiest but most costly one is to buy a new PC with Windows 11. Then the least costly option is to upgrade the OS to Windows 11 for free, but only if your PC meets the minimum requirements, including a 1 GHz or faster 64-bit processor with 2 or more cores, 4 GB of RAM, and 64 GB of storage. The last option is to pay $30 to Microsoft to get the Extended Security Updates (ESU) program, but it expires after 12 months. Without the latest defense systems, your “windows” are open to malicious attack. Oh, another way to live with your now vulnerable PC. Disconnect it from the Internet. What would you do now, cost or risk?
Read the article and learn how vulnerable Windows 10 will be after today.

10/13/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4920-10/13/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Like no other commute on the planet: Inside Saudi Arabia’s dazzling $22-billion metro system
Located in the central region of the Arabian Peninsula, Riyadh is the capital and the most populous city of Saudi Arabia. Its central location makes it relatively accessible to the entire kingdom. To improve the accessibility of the metro area with nearly eight million dwellers, a new, extensive, and driverless metro system started its service last year. The Riyadh Metro features six lines covering over 170 kilometers with 85 stations. Each station is uniquely architecturally designed. For example, located in the historic area, Qasr Al Hokm station has become a landmark itself. It spreads across seven floors, connected by 17 elevators and 46 escalators, and blends the history and modernity of the capital city. Since Saudi Arabia is a strict Islamic society, the trains are divided into three types of carriages: singles for men, family for women or families, and first-class. Be warned. Consumption of food and drinks is prohibited on the train. Saudi Arabia has historic monuments and modern skyscrapers in the desert, and a state-of-the-art metro system underground.
Read the article and learn about the new metro system in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

10/12/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4919-10/12/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Traveling to the European Union is about to get more complicated. Here’s what you need to know
Entry/Exit System (EES) is an automated IT system for non-EU nationals travelling for a short stay of up to 90 days out of every 180 days, each time they cross the external borders of 29 European countries using the system. The system will register the person’s name, passport information, biometric data (fingerprints and captured facial images), and the date and place of entry and exit. The rollout will take six months, and after April 10, 2026, EES will replace manual stamping of passports at all entry/exit points by air, sea, and land. Within three years, even if you have a renewed passport, the system will update your information based on the previous record. EES is expected to prevent irregular migration and help protect the security of those who live in or travel to Europe. Also, the automated border control and self-service systems will provide faster and easier entry to and exit from Europe. Such a system is nothing new in many countries, such as the USA, the UK, Singapore, China, and Japan. Now, next time you travel to Europe from a non-European country, be ready for the updated entry system. Please also be reminded that you’ll need to pay €20 for a travel authorization called the European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) from late 2026.
Read the article and learn about Europe’s new entry/exit system.

10/11/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4918-10/11/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Is it a cold, flu or Covid – and how to avoid the worst
Not the cooler temperature but the crowdedness that spreads germs and viruses among people. That’s why many people start to get sick in early autumn when they tend to spend more time indoors. If you feel symptoms like a running nose, pain in the throat, muscle aches, or coughing, you suspect you’ve caught a cold or something. It might just be a cold, but it could be the flu or Covid. Which of the symptoms is the sign of a cold, the flu, or Covid? In general, they overlap, but cold symptoms appear gradually while flu symptoms like fever and muscle aches hit you more suddenly. Also, Covid symptoms are generally similar to those of the flu, but may also include a loss of smell or taste. Whichever the symptoms might be, you want to stay home and rest to recover. There is no magical or overnight cure.
Read the article and learn about the symptoms of a cold, the flu, and Covid.

10/10/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4917-10/10/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Should I use olive oil for frying? How to choose the right cooking oil
Not all cooking oils are equal. Some are suitable for deep-frying, while others provide lower cholesterol when used unheated. Coconut oil, palm oil, and animal fats are high in cholesterol.  Too much cholesterol in the blood, particularly from high levels of LDL ("bad") cholesterol, can lead to plaque buildup in arteries and increase the risk of heart attack and stroke. In the meantime, unsaturated fats like avocado, olive oil, sunflower oil, and vegetable oils are considered healthy and are essential for brain and heart health. When it comes to cooking, some oils, like vegetable or sunflower oils, are high in smoke point and suitable for deep frying. Extra virgin oil adds flavor and health benefits, but unsuitable for cooking because of its low smoke point. It’s not just a choice between butter and margarine, or sunflower oil and olive oil, but also how the oil is used.
Read the article and learn which oil is more suitable for a particular use.

10/09/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4916-10/9/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
2-year-old girl chosen in Nepal as new living goddess worshipped by both Hindus and Buddhists
In Nepal, by tradition, Kumaris are virgin girls chosen as the Living Goddess. They are revered by both Hindus and Buddhists and are selected between the ages of two and four and serve their roles until they reach puberty. The best known is the Royal Kumari of Kathmandu, the capital city. Last month, a two-year-old girl was chosen as the new Royal Kumari. She will live a sequestered life with a few selected playmates and private tutors in her palace most of the time. Even her family is allowed to visit her rarely in a formal capacity. She is dressed in bright red clothes and a red blouse with gold and silver ornaments, and is carried or transported in her golden palanquin because her feet are sacred. When she is replaced by a new Kumari years later, she will leave the palace and start adjusting to normal life, including house chores and attending school.  She will receive a small monthly pension after retirement, but living a normal life after years of seclusion in an isolated environment seems quite challenging for a teenage girl.
Read the article and learn about sacred girls in Nepal.

10/08/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4915-10/8/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The perils of letting AI plan your next trip
When planning a trip, some people search for information about the place, climate, transportation, and accommodation, and others just ask questions to a generative AI tool like ChatGPT, Google’s Gemini, or travel AI sites like Layla. Such AI tools can provide the information you are looking for in a matter of seconds, with beautiful images, inspiring adjectives, and concrete travel plans and suggestions according to your schedule and budget. Just like daily lives, we’ve become used to just asking questions to AI and trusting the AI-generated responses without verifying them or searching for information by ourselves. But according to a recent survey, about one-third of the respondents found that their AI-generated travel recommendations included false information, not including those who didn’t realize some of the information was inaccurate or invalid. In fact, generative AI just knows words and tells the user without distinguishing travel advice, directions, or recipes. In some cases, it provides helpful information, but other times, it includes outdated, inappropriate, or unsafe information. For example, a couple enjoyed seeing a beautiful sunset at the top of a mountain in Japan but missed the last ropeway down and were stuck at the mountain top because of the inaccurate timetable on ChatGPT, probably on that particular day. So, be advised to use AI handsomely and verify the information provided, especially when you travel to unfamiliar places.
Read the article and learn about what could go wrong if you just depend on generative AI.

10/07/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4914-10/7/2025

 Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Where ‘day-zero droughts’ could happen as soon as this decade
So far this year, there have been severe droughts in many places around the world, including Algeria and Egypt in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean region in Europe, various parts of the USA, Brazil, even in the Amazon basin, and Panama, whose busy canal is restricting transit due to low water levels. When and where will we experience Day Zero drought, when a city or region completely runs out of drinking water available for distribution to its population? When there isn’t enough water supply, such as rain, groundwater, or melting snow or ice, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs dry up. Also, if we use more water than the supply or pump too much groundwater, we will deplete the water supply. In fact, populous cities like Tehran, Kabul, Mexico City, and Los Angeles are facing near-day-zero drought events. A new study predicts that many parts of the world will sooner or later experience periods of extreme water scarcity at unprecedented levels as the global water cycle loses its balance. Since extreme weather events occur more frequently and severely, floods and droughts seem to have become clear and present dangers to our survival.
Read the article and learn about what day-zero droughts could mean to our lives.

10/06/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4913-10/6/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Italian tourist town imposes a tax on visiting dogs
Bolzano is a city in the South Tyrol province of northern Italy. It’s set in a valley amid hilly vineyards and a gateway to the Dolomites mountain range in the Italian Alps. Bolzano is a popular tourist destination with forward thinking, yet deeply rooted in ancient traditions. To keep the city nice and clean, the city charges penalties of up to 600 euros to dog owners who fail to pick up their pets’ droppings. In addition, starting next year, dog owners will have to pay taxes: 1.50 euros daily for visitors and 100 euros per dog annually for residents to offset the cost of street cleaning and fund new dog parks. The city also requires the residents to have their dogs’ DNA registered so that uncollected droppings can be traced. Penalty is one way to help keep the streets poop-free. Civic education is another way to increase people's environmental consciousness. For owners, pets are an integral part of their families, but for residents and merchants on the street, they could be just a nuisance. Dogs can hardly manage their poops.
Read the article and think about how to make dog owners responsible for their dogs.

10/05/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4912-10/5/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Keep calm and carry cash’: Keep banknotes at home to prepare for crises, researchers say
Nowadays, most stores, restaurants, hospitals, services, public transportation, and businesses close transactions without hard currency, or cash. Especially in developed countries, credit cards, debit cards, and QR codes are preferred or even standard methods of payment, even though non-cash transactions incur service fees to the sellers. In China, most transactions are made either by WeChat Pay or AliPay, and there is scarcely anything that requires cash payment. In Singapore and South Korea, credit card payment is the de facto standard. They are convenient and relatively safer than cash. However, when a power line or internet connection is disrupted by an event such as war, domestic conflict, earthquake, storm, blackout, or outbreak of a contagious disease, the last resort of payment is cash. Having faced catastrophic weather events and Russia’s aggression, several European governments advise their citizens to keep some cash along with a stock of food, water, and other essentials. In that sense, cash is like a spare tire, which is only used when necessary. Preparedness is the key to survival.
Read the article and learn about why cash might play a key role in an emergency.

10/04/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4911-10/4/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Million-year-old skull rewrites human evolution, scientists claim
Emerged originally in Africa and migrated to other continents over a million years ago, homo erectus was the oldest known homo species. It is widely accepted that it evolved and started to diverge into Homo longi, or “Dragon Man”, Neanderthals, and our ancestor, Homo sapiens, around 600,000 years ago. Also, Homo sapiens is thought to have emerged in Africa over 300,000 years ago and started migrating across Eurasia 100,000 years ago. It is assumed that Homo sapiens and Neandertals not only coexisted but also interacted and even interbred with each other. Recently, researchers digitally reconstructed a badly crushed million-year-old cranium of a Homo erectus that was unearthed from a riverbank in central China. To their surprise, it was not the skull of a Homo erectus but a Homo sapiens. If that is the case, these human species, Homo longi, Neanderthals, and Homo sapiens co-existed for hundreds of thousands of years, much longer than previously thought. There must be many more human remains waiting to be unearthed around the world.
Read the article and learn about a revolutionary finding about human evolution.

10/03/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4910-10/3/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The Gen Z uprising in Asia shows social media is a double-edged sword
In recent years, there has been a wave of youth-led uprisings in South and Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka in 2022, Bangladesh in 2024, and Nepal, Indonesia, and the Philippines this year. They are driven by frustration over corruption, nepotism (unfair use of power to grant an advantage, privilege, or position to relatives of power elites), and bleak economic prospects. These movements weren’t led by political ideologies or social movements, but were digitally fueled by social media. Indeed, short video clips or messages go viral at lightning speed around the country and spark anger among frustrated young people to mass demonstrations and even violence. For example, in Nepal, large-scale anti-corruption and anti-nepotism protests by Generation Z students last month caused 70 deaths, destruction of government buildings, and the resignation of the Prime Minister. It seems unwise for those in power to underestimate the power of digitally armed young people.
Read the article and learn what angered young people in Asia so fiercely.

10/02/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4909-10/2/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Afghanistan telecom blackout as Taliban shuts off internet
Since their takeover in August 2021, the Taliban have systematically suppressed human rights, especially those of women and girls, while facing a crippled economy and ongoing security challenges. Women’s public life and gender equality are erased, girls are banned from attending school beyond the sixth grade, women are required to wear a head-to-toe covering, and are prohibited from working for civil service or NGOs. Also, most forms of public entertainment are banned, including non-religious music, movies, video games, and even kite flying, a highly popular pastime in Afghanistan. In addition, since last month, the Taliban has disrupted fiber-optic internet connections to prevent immorality, which resulted in a connectivity blackout across the country. Not only people have lost connections, but also business activities, including airports and banks, have been severely disrupted. Without internet connections, people now feel more isolated and lonely than ever, which might have a greater impact on people than other restrictive measures that have already been in place.
Update: The Internet connections resumed 48 hours after the sudden blackout. 
Read the article and learn about the Internet blackout by the Taliban in Afghanistan.

10/01/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4908-10/1/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
CNS Fujian achieves milestone with electromagnetic launch of advanced Naval aircraft
Formed in 1927, the People’s Liberation Army of China is about to celebrate its first centennial anniversary. Technologically, it has advanced rapidly in the last few decades in space, in the air, and also in the sea. For example, Fujian is China’s third aircraft carrier, and its first indigenously designed carrier. It is regarded as the largest and most advanced aircraft carrier outside the US. Though the carrier uses a conventional propulsion system, it is equipped with the most advanced Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS), which is used only by the US’s Gerard R. Ford. The electromagnetic launch system uses a linear induction motor to accelerate aircraft instead of the conventional steam-powered launch system, providing smoother acceleration and faster recharge while requiring less maintenance and less fresh water. Because of its linear acceleration, the launch system puts less stress on the airframe, which allows a wider range of aircraft weights. Recently, Fujian successfully launched and recovered two types of modern naval fighter jets and a twin-propeller early warning and control aircraft, equivalent to the US Navy’s E-2 Hawkeye. China’s proud super carrier is nearly ready to be commissioned. In the meantime, various navies are modifying or developing vessels that can launch drones, which don’t require a high-tech electromagnetic launch system. 
Read the article and learn about China’s highly advanced aircraft launch system.

9/30/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4907-9/30/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Oxford gives students access to AI platform
Established in 1096, the University of Oxford is the oldest higher educational institution in the English-speaking world. It now comprises 39 colleges and six religious-based institutions, where over 26,000 graduate and undergraduate students study. The university recently announced that it now offers access to ChatGPT Edu, the education version of ChatGPT, to all of Oxford's students, faculty members, and staff. ChatGPT Edu offers enhanced privacy and security by allowing only the user institution to retain data. The university hopes the use of this new educational tool will enrich and personalize students’ learning, as well as open up new opportunities to explore and create. With the upgraded functions of the ChatGPT agent, the historic university is trying to enrich AI literacy among its learners, teachers, and researchers.
Read the article and learn about Oxford’s new initiative to use AI tools even more proficiently and responsibly.

9/29/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4906-9/29/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
Recognising Palestinian statehood opens another question - who would lead it?
Palestine is a state recognized by over 150 UN member states, including all five permanent members of the UN Security Council, but the USA. Its territories include Israel-occupied the West Bank and Eastern Jerusalem, and also Israeli-destroyed Gaza. Since 2007, Gaza has been ruled by Hamas, and the West Bank by the Palestinian Authority or PA. On October 7, 2023, Hamas led an attack on southern Israel, killing 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages, which triggered Israel’s brutal aggression against Gaza. The Israeli military has destroyed the entire area and killed thousands of civilians with bombs and starvation. Why is Palestine still not recognized by all UN member states, even though it has a permanent population and has its own representatives to the UN? So far, Palestine hasn’t agreed on final borders. Also, the lack of a functioning government makes it difficult to be recognized. Even among the G7 members, the UK, France, and Canada have recently recognized Palestine, but the USA, Japan, Germany, and Italy have not. In the meantime, the US administration plans to sell six billion dollars in weapons to Israel.
Read the article and learn about the historical background of recognizing Palestine as a state.
https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c930dlxnee4o

9/28/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4905-9/28/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The lonely life and death of Delhi's only African elephant
In October 2024, the membership of the National Zoological Park in Delhi was suspended by the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums because of concerns about the living conditions of a male African elephant, Shankar. There were talks and plans, but no concrete action had been taken to improve the conditions. Then, on the 17th of this month, the 24-year-old elephant suddenly refused food, collapsed, and died. The cause of his early death is still being investigated. Usually, African elephants live for 70 years. He came to the Delhi zoo from Zimbabwe in 1998 with a female companion, which died in 2001. Since elephants are highly social animals, the zoo tried to lodge Shanker with Asian elephants in the zoo, but no success. After all, the male African elephant spent 24 years alone. Elephants use various forms of communication, display complex emotions like empathy and grief, and cooperate within their social structures to care for young and ensure the group's survival. They seem too intelligent, social, and delicate to live only by food and water.
Read the article and learn about this lonely African elephant that died too early.

9/27/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4904-9/27/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Harnessing the superpowers of the most resilient life form on Earth
Tardigrades are half a millimeter long, eight-legged invertebrates, animals without a backbone, like butterflies, bees, ants, and snails. They have chubby, segmented bodies with four pairs of stout, clawed legs, and live almost anywhere across the globe, including mountaintops, tropical forests, the Antarctic, and the deep sea. They primarily feed on plant cells, algae, and other microorganisms. What is amazing about this tiny creature is its survivability. Tardigrades can endure extreme temperatures, from nearly absolute zero to above the boiling point, survive without oxygen or water, and withstand substantial radiation in space or high acid in hot springs. One of the tricks of their extreme survivability in dry conditions is suspended animation, which slows their metabolism down to 0.01% of its normal rate for as long as decades until they have contact with water. Tardigrades are thought to outlive humans, mice, and cockroaches and survive even on Doomsday.
Read the article and learn about the most survivable creature on Earth.

9/26/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4903-9/26/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Chinese airline launches 29-hour ‘direct flight’ – but there’s a catch
The longest nonstop flight is Singapore Airlines’ Singapore-New York JFK route, which covers 15,349 km in about 18 hours. Now, China Eastern Airlines has launched ticket sales for the world’s longest direct flight between Shanghai and Buenos Aires, Argentina, starting December 4. The flight time is 25.5 hours to Buenos Aires and 29 hours to Shanghai. It leaves at 2:00 am on Monday and arrives at Buenos Aires at 4:30 pm on the same day. The return flight leaves Buenos Aires at 2:00 am and arrives at Shanghai at 6:00 pm the next day.  To your relief or disappointment, the flight time includes a two-hour layover at Auckland, New Zealand. The airline boasts that this new route is going to be the world’s first commercial flight connecting two antipodal cities, on opposite sides of the earth. It also regards it as a key initiative in building an Air Silk Road between the Asia-Pacific and South Africa. The challenges for stable operation are significant for the airline to arrange maintenance and resource support, transoceanic operations, long duty shifts for crew members, and market development in South America. Also, passengers will have to endure two consecutive 10-hour-plus flights with a two-hour break. How many meals, drinks, dramas, movies, games, and chapters will entertain the passengers during the long flight? WiFi connections might not be enough, but bike machines or treadmills might be of some help. 
Read the article and learn about the world’s longest direct flight from China to Argentina.
https://edition.cnn.com/2025/09/17/travel/china-eastern-29-hour-flight-shanghai-buenos-aires-intl-hnk

9/25/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4902-9/25/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Rising seas will threaten 1.5 million Australians by 2050 – report
Australia is an isolated continent surrounded by the Indian, Pacific, and Southern oceans. It is known for its diverse landscapes, such as the outback and rainforests, unique wildlife like koalas and kangaroos, and beautiful coastlines and coral reefs, including the Great Barrier Reef. Even though overall greenhouse gas emissions are declining, Australia still emits more greenhouse gases per capita than most other countries due to its high dependency on fossil fuels for electricity generation and transportation. According to the recently published national climate risk assessment, Australia is predicted to face more severe and frequent extreme weather events, such as floods, cyclones, heatwaves, droughts, and bushfires. Average temperatures in Australia have already exceeded 1.5 °C above preindustrial levels. If the warming continues, the report warns of a significant increase in heat-related deaths, a decline in water quality, a rise in sea levels, and a higher risk of biodiversity loss in coral reefs. The government is now trying to coordinate efforts by federal, state, and local governments to cope with the accelerating impacts of climate change. It seems like a survival race.
Read the article and learn about how Australia may suffer from a warming climate.

9/24/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4901-9/24/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
Will farming under solar panels take off?
Can farmland be double-used? One way to utilize farmland for dual purposes is Agrivoltaics, growing crops or raising animals underneath elevated solar panels. It allows farmers to keep farming on their land while getting additional income from solar energy production. In India, over half of the population makes their living by farming, which is vulnerable to climate and extreme weather conditions. For such farmers, a steady additional income from solar panels will improve their living significantly. There are challenges, though. Farmers need to grow the right crops under solar panels, which reduce the sunlight by 15% to 30%. Also, solar panel investors have to bear 20% to 30% higher costs to install solar panels than on regular solar farms because they need to be elevated a few meters off the ground. Still, growing agricultural products while generating clean electricity sounds like a viable approach to tackle the increasing needs for food and electricity.
Read the article and learn how agrivoltaics work.

9/23/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4900-9/23/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
More of the world’s children are now obese than underweight, UNICEF warns 
The good news is that the percentage of underweight children aged 5-19 has declined to 9.2% from 13% in the last 25 years, according to recent data from over 190 countries by the UNICEF, the UN children’s agency. In the meantime, the number of overweight children increased by nearly 200 million to 391 million. Also found was that obesity now exceeds underweight in all regions but sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, the poorest regions. The study also found that in low-income countries, children of wealthy families are more likely to be overweight, but in high-income countries, more overweight children are found in poor households because they often grow up with more processed, unhealthy diets. It seems that as highly processed foods, like snacks and packaged meals, and sugary drinks become easily accessible and affordable, children tend to become overweight. In fact, overnutrition is a form of malnutrition. Childhood obesity is a serious health issue that increases a child's risk of developing adult-onset chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers. As children spend more time gazing at smartphones at home and spend less time exercising outside, proper nutrition and diet are now more essential for their healthy growth.
Read the article and learn about how children are becoming overweight around the world.

9/22/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4899-9/22/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
When you go overboard on protein, this is what can happen in your body
Protein is one of the main macronutrients of our diet, along with carbohydrates and fat. It helps build and preserve muscle, makes hormones, boosts the immune system, and maintains healthy hair, skin, and nails. It is often recommended that we take 0.8 to 1.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. For example, if you weigh 60 kilograms, you should consume 50 to 60 grams of protein per day, which is roughly equivalent to 10 eggs. Then what if you take more protein than the recommended amount? Excessive intake of any healthy nutrient outbalances your diet. You want to balance your diet with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats like olive or canola oil, and lean proteins, including fish, poultry, beans, nuts, and eggs. And please be reminded that protein itself won’t build or strengthen your muscles, but exercise does with the help of protein. Yes, a healthy diet and moderate exercise are the key to your health.
Read the article and learn about what protein does to your body and health.