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9/30/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4176-9/30/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Abandoned Apollo 17 lunar lander module is causing tremors on the moon
The moon has a long rotation period, about 27 Earth days, nearly the same amount of time to orbit Earth. It makes one lunar day or one lunar night about 13.5 Earth days long. In the absence of an atmosphere, the temperatures of the lunar surface go below 170 degrees Celsius during the night and go above 120 degrees Celsius during the long daytime. This makes most objects on the surface as well as the surface itself contract and expand in accordance with the temperatures. About half a century ago, NASA’s Apollo 17, the last human mission to the Moon, landed the Moon and left its lander module on the surface. It also left an array of seismometers to detect tremors caused by the Moon’s drastic temperature fluctuations, called emergent thermal moonquakes. Recently, with the aid of an AI algorithm, researchers found that the lander module seems to be causing small tremors to the Moon’s surface. Also, even though there are no shifting tectonic plates on the Moon, it still has an active interior life which could cause seismic events. We need to learn more from the seismometers on the Moon to prepare for human missions.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about seismic activities on the Moon.

9/29/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4175-9/29/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Six of the most beautiful sections of the Great Wall of China
The construction of the Great Wall of China started in the 7th century BCE during the Spring and Autumn Period. Then Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, connected the scattered sections and fortified them in the 3rd century BCE. The Great Wall continued to be built and expanded over the centuries under various dynasties with different materials, such as stone, brick, and wood, and became the longest man-made structure in the world stretching about 22,000 kilometers. It served as a military defense for China for over two thousand years. Today, the Great Wall serves as one of the most popular tourist destinations in China. Until the 20th century, the wall had been looked up or walked on. The soldiers and visitors look down to see what lies beneath the wall. Today, thanks to drones, we can see aerial views of various parts and shapes of the wall without visiting there, which no rulers or builders of the wall had ever imagined to do.
Enjoy seeing the magnificent views of the Great Wall of China and think which ones you want to visit.

9/28/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4174-9/28/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
'This could be the holy grail to replace palm oil' - research team
Palm oil is a versatile oil that is used in a wide range of food products, such as cooking oils, margarines, and processed foods like cookies and chips. Also, palm oil is used for cosmetics like soap and toothpaste, lubricants, and biofuels. Palm oil is contained in almost half of all food and cosmetic products on the shelves. In fact, palm oil is the world's most-produced vegetable oil, accounting for 40% of the total. Most of the world’s palm oil cultivation is done in Indonesia and Malaysia. Increasing palm oil production has been linked to a number of environmental and social concerns, including deforestation, habitat loss, and climate change. In addition, the palm oil industry has been criticized for its labor practices, including the use of forced and child labor.
So, recently, there has been a growing movement to promote the use of sustainable palm oil, which is produced in a way that minimizes its environmental and social impact. Now, a team of experts at a university in Scotland has come up with a palm oil alternative product that is 80% less saturated fat, 30% fewer calories, and 70% more environmentally friendly. It is made from a by-product of linseed, natural fiber, and rapeseed oil. If it is mass-produced, there will be fewer palm trees planted in deforested tropical jungles.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about palm oil and its alternative product.

9/27/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4173-9/27/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Japan says one in 10 residents are aged 80 or above as nation turns gray
In 1966, September 15 was set as Respect for the Aged Day in Japan. In those days, most people retired at or before the age of 60. Naturally, people who turned 60 were regarded as seniors and celebrated. The date was changed to the third Monday of September in 2003 due to the Happy Monday System.  As people became healthier and their life expectancies extended to the world longest, the definition of seniors also pushed back. Nowadays, seniors in Japan mean those who are 65 and older, and they represent nearly 30% of Japan’s population, the world’s highest rate. Many of those seniors are still healthy and active, and they are encouraged and demanded to work as the nation’s population ages and declines while fewer young people enter the labor market. In fact, in a society where life expectancies go well beyond 80 while the fertility rate plunges below 1.3, seniors are now an integral part of Japan’s workforce in all businesses, particularly in healthcare for seniors. In Japan, younger and active seniors care for older seniors, and seniors celebrate Senior's Day among themselves, especially in rural communities where young people tend to leave for exciting and rewarding jobs in cities.
Read the article and learn about what is happening in the world’s most aging country.

9/26/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4172-9/26/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Ornate Indian Hindu temple will open on old mosque site
Of India’s 1.4 billion population, about 80% are Hindus and 14% are Muslims. Constitutionally, India, or Bharat, is a sovereign, socialist, democratic, and secular republic. Although India’s secularism has been upheld by the Supreme Court, it also has been challenged in recent years with some groups advocating for a more Hindu-centric nation, particularly since Narendra Modi, the leader of BJP, a conservative Hindu nationalist party, took power in 2014. Recently, an announcement was made to open an ornate Hindu temple on a highly disputed old mosque site in Ayodhya, the birthplace of Lord Rama, in the state of Uttar Pradesh in January next year, just three months before the next general election. It is the site where a centuries-old Islamic Mosque had been sitting until 1992 when right-wing Hindu mobs destroyed it with hammers and hands claiming that the mosque was built by having destroyed a Hindu temple. It led to widespread violence and communal riots across India, killing more than 2,000 people. When Modi campaigned for the 2014 general election, he promised to build a Hindu temple on this highly disputed site. After a long legal battle, the construction of the Hindu temple was upheld by India’s Supreme Court in 2019. How secular a democratic country can be if the vast majority of the population are believers of a certain religion?
Enjoy reading the article and thinking if secularism and democracy can coexist.
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/15/india/india-ram-mandir-ayodhya-modi-bjp-intl-hnk/index.html

9/25/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4171-9/25/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why are women less likely to ask questions in public?
Do you often ask a question at a Q&A session of any event or occasion? It requires some courage to ask a question in public. You may wonder if your question is inadequate or if the answer has already been mentioned during the presentation or conference. Also, you may worry if there are more qualified or deserving attendees to ask a question than you, a senior and authoritative-looking person. Whatever the reason might be, more men seem to ask questions than women beyond the men-women ratio of the attendees at academic events, and the same seems to be the case in other kinds of events. It was also found that if the first question is asked by a man, women tend to hesitate to follow (probably for gender-neutral topics).  So, it might be suggested to pick or appoint a woman questioner to start a Q&A session. Also, using an online chat board for a Q&A session or during the event may lower the barrier for women or anyone to ask questions. Indeed, an active Q&A session surely reflects the interest and satisfaction of the audience.
Enjoy reading the article and think about what makes the audience ask questions.

9/24/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4170-9/24/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Should we be worried about older politicians?
Do older politicians represent the general population? How old is too old to lead a country?
Brain volume diminishes over time in the areas where problem-solving, goal-setting, and impulse control are involved. Then executive function declines as people age, which increases the repetition of thoughts and behaviors especially over 65 even though the timing and extent vary by the individual. In the meanwhile, older brains can perform better to direct and act on information even though they cannot process new information as quickly as younger ones. Also, older brains typically have better vocabulary. You may recall your grandparents or older bosses speaking with words that describe and explain things more simply but clearly than you. Indeed, the sayings of a wise old man are valuable. Then can we evaluate the mental and cognitive fitness of election candidates? While cognitive fitness can be assessed fairly for daily living and routines, measuring the cognitive ability to deal with political decisions is highly complex as it includes a mixture of fitness, intelligence, experience, and wisdom. All in all, it really depends on the individual whether he or she fits the role. Also important is how well and effectively the senior leader or politician is aided by their staff to compensate for their weaknesses and make use of their wisdom.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about mental and cognitive fitness to be a political leader.

9/23/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4169-9/23/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Are businesses ready for another wave of Covid-19 cases?
Aren’t Covid cases over yet? Though it is no longer labeled as a pandemic, Covid-19 is surely here and there, and in fact, the cases are rising as new variants like Pirora and Eris are showing up around the world. Since Covid is no longer a novel virus or unfamiliar threat, more people and businesses take it less seriously than they did before. However, as students have returned to school, more employees are being called back to offices, and travelers are returning to popular destinations, Covid cases are surely on the rise. Yes, businesses, offices, and schools have learned to cope with lockdowns and restrictions during the pandemic, and they are better prepared for the next wave. But there are businesses and workers that have not recovered from the impact of the pandemic, such as tourism, hospitality, and transportation industries. And the flu season is approaching in the northern hemisphere. It may be too early to dispose of the face masks that we stocked during the pandemic. Social distancing may not be a phrase of the past yet.
Read the text and think about how we can deal with the ongoing infectious disease.

9/22/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4168-9/22/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Japan Airlines wants to help you leave your suitcase at home
When you travel, especially abroad, you want to reduce the items and weight that you take with you. Also, choosing and packing what to wear during the trip requires some time and effort. So, what if all the items of clothing you need at the destination are chosen and delivered to your hotel? You would wear them during the trip and return them when you depart the destination. All you need to do is pre-request your sizes and preferences for the clothing items and pay for the rent. You may travel only with your carry-on bag without worrying about the laundry! It is also welcomed by airliners because the lighter the aircraft is, the less fuel is burned to fly it. In fact, Japan Airlines started trying this “Any Wear. Anywhere” clothing rental service for its inbound passengers to Japan. It may also be useful for a rush traveler who doesn’t have time to pack their clothes before the trip. Indeed, lighter passengers, including themselves and their baggage, are not only economically but also environmentally beneficial for airliners provided that the airline doesn’t put more cargo for the reduced baggage weight.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about this unique weight-saving initiative for air travel.

9/21/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4167-9/21/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Mount Fuji in trouble: How Japan’s highest peak fell victim to overtourism
Mount Fuji is one of the best-known mountains in the world because of its symmetrical cone shape and stunning beauty. The 3,776-meter-high active stratovolcano is a symbol of Japan and one of the world heritage sites, which draws millions of visitors and climbers during the climbing season between July and early September to enjoy the challenge, achievement, and breathtaking panoramic views. But like other popular tourist destinations, Mount Fuji is screaming out in pain of over-tourism. Too many unruly, unprepared, and unaccustomed hikers and climbers try to reach the summit during the season, and they create heavy traffic and leave massive trash. There are rules and limits to control the traffic but they aren’t sufficient enough. NGO volunteers have been using e-bikes and AI for garbage patrol but their resources are no match for the rising number of visitors. Many of the world heritage sites, like Venice, Mach Picchu, and Mount Fuji, are also the world’s over-touristed destinations.
Read the article and learn about the problems Japan’s iconic mountain is suffering.

9/20/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4166-9/20/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
China considering ban on clothing that ‘hurts feelings’ of nation
Nationalism is rising among rising powers like India and China. India’s administration seems to want to reidentify itself as Bharat, a traditional Hindi name, instead of India, which has been used by Greeks, Romans, and the British for centuries. (Vol.4164) Now, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the permanent body of the National People's Congress and the national legislature of China, proposed a law that would give authorities the right to fine and detain people who wear clothes that hurt the nation’s feelings. The law revision, if passed, would make it illegal to wear or force others to wear “offending items” in public places, and offenders could face detention and fines. As nationalist sentiment against Japan surges, Japanese kimonos have been targeted in China. For example, an anime fan was detained by police for photos wearing a kimono in August. The question is how “hurt the nation’s feelings” is interpreted by the authority and the public. France recently banned the abaya in schools, which is regarded as a symbol of Islam. Now, will the Chinese soon start wearing their traditional clothing like Hanfu to show their patriotism?
Enjoy reading the article and learning about how China is trying to regulate what people should and shouldn’t wear in public.

9/19/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4165-9/19/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
China continues to help Myanmar crack down on fraud, online scams
There are a large number of online scams and fraud crimes around the world, and China is no exception. Some may think many of those crimes originate in China and attack foreign countries, but there are a number of criminal operations outside China that target China’s mainland. Myanmar shares its northeastern border with China’s Yunnan Province. The country is heavily funded and developed by China’s Road and Belt Initiative project, and thus, very cooperative with China. Earlier this month, Myanmar handed over 1,200 online scam suspects and criminal tools like PCs and mobile phones to China as part of a joint investigation. Those suspects are charged with fraud, illegal border crossing, and other crimes. This operation was in addition to the September 3 joint operation that cracked down on 11 fraud networks and detained nearly 270 suspects in Myanmar. Very cooperative, isn’t it? But does the title of this article sound right? Which country helped the other?
Read the article to learn about how China enforces its laws in another country.

9/18/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4164-9/18/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
What’s in a name? India’s Modi sits behind ‘Bharat’ placard at G20 summit
Before the common era, The Greeks and the Romans used the name “India” to refer to the land beyond the Indus River and the subcontinent. In the 18th century when the British colonized the subcontinent, they adopted the name “India”. Meanwhile, the name "Bharat" has long been the indigenous name for India, which is derived from the name of the Vedic tribe of Bharatas, and also is used officially. The use of the name "Bharat" has been revived in recent years by some Indian nationalists who believe that it is a more accurate and appropriate name for the country. They argue that the name "India" is a colonial legacy and that it should be replaced with the indigenous name "Bharat". In fact, there are cities in India that were renamed from their British-era names, such as Mumbai from Bombay, Chennai from Madras both in 1996, Kolkata from Calcutta in 2001, and Bengaluru from Bangalore in 2007. Now at the Group of 20 (G20) summit on September 9, the host of the international meeting surprised the attendees by naming itself “Bharat” on the name placard and badges. The Turkish government has been pushing for a change in the country's name from Turkey to Türkiye for several years, and the UN officially recognized the new name in June 2022. They believe it is more accurate and reflects the country’s culture and values. Will China be called Zhōngguó and Japan will be called Nippon/Nihon in the near future? After all, English names are convenient in the international community but do not represent the identities of each country, history, or language.
Read the article and learn about the surprising name change at G20.

9/17/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4163-9/17/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
These tiny creatures are losing their battle to survive. Here’s what we can do to save them
Birds play a vital role in ecosystems. Many birds help to pollinate flowers by transferring pollen from one flower to another. They help to disperse seeds by eating them and then dropping them in other places. Birds also eat insects, rodents, and other small animals to control their populations. So, birds’ population tells us the health of ecosystems. Indeed, birds are the canary in the coal mine. In fact, The Rufous Hummingbird, the smallest hummingbird species that weighs only three grams lost two-thirds of its population since 1970 in North America. It is one of 70 bird species that is predicted to lose another 50% of their populations in the next decades due to habitat loss from climate change and human development, glass collisions, invasive species like domestic cats, and pesticides. For example, the tiny rufous hummingbirds migrate between Alaska and Mexico, over 6,000 kilometers each way. You can imagine how they are affected by ecosystems.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about the roles of birds in nature and how we can help them survive.

9/16/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4162-9/16/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Teacher suicide exposes parent bullying in S Korea
South Korea suffers from the world’s lowest fertility rate. The number of newborns went down from around 500,000 two decades ago to about half in the last few years. Just like China, many parents have just one child, so they have extremely high expectations for their future. Also, South Korean society has a narrow definition of success of getting good grades and going to a good university, which puts a lot of pressure both on their children and teachers. In fact, many parents put their children into extra-curricular school hours before and after school every day to study. Such parents also put high pressure on school teachers as to how their children are treated. When their beloved child is disciplined for misconduct, they complain to the teacher excessively to the point where teachers feel too harassed and depressed to keep doing their jobs. In July, a 23-year-old primary teacher took her own life because of the pressure she had gotten from the parents of her students. The incident sparked huge protests and strikes by tens of thousands of teachers who demanded better protection at work. What is education at school and what are the roles of teachers?
Read the article and learn about how teachers are bullied by parents in South Korea.

9/15/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4161-9/15/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Concern as pandemic puppies reach difficult age
Some workers have been used to working at home and are still having difficulty re-adjusting themselves to work in the office after the Covid pandemic. What a luxury not having to waste time commuting and spend that time with their families and pets instead. During the pandemic, many people brought in pet animals to seek companionship. In fact, many puppies were imported to the UK during the pandemic, and the estimated dog population grew from 10 million to 11 million over two years. These pandemic puppies hadn’t been bred or reared appropriately and grew in an unsocial environment. Indeed, it is quite essential for dogs to get socialized with humans and other dogs in their early days. Also, they grew up with the owner most of the time during the pandemic and haven’t gotten used to staying home alone. Now, experts are finding an increase in the number of dogs that show behavioral problems as dogs’ behavior often changes between 2.5 and 3.7 years of age. So, those who started a companionship with pet dogs during the pandemic are advised to watch their behaviors carefully and socialize them properly. Also, if you miss your beloved pet dog in the office, so does your canine partner at home.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about an aftereffect of the pandemic among pet dogs.

9/14/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4160-9/14/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Why do I have to take my laptop out of the bag at airport security?
In the near future, you’ll just walk through an airport security gate with your carry-on bag without even slowing down where high-definition 3D images are created by a CT scanner and a trained AI system detects potential hazards. But for now, you still have to remove your laptop, tablet, and smartphone from your bag before you go through security screening. That’s because the battery and other mechanical components of these mobile devices are too dense for X-rays to penetrate and shield other items from view. It’s then easier and faster to remove such items from the bag before scanning instead of stopping and reversing the conveyor to have the carrier remove them. X-ray and human eyes vs. CT scanning and AI judgment, sounds like medical diagnoses, doesn’t it? Airport security procedures will soon change as technologies improve and become more reliable and affordable.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about what technologies are being used in airport security procedures.

9/13/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4159-9/13/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Peregrine Falcon image wins bird photo award
The Bird Photographer of the Year is an international photography competition organized by the British Birds magazine that celebrates the world's best bird photography. The competition has 10 categories, including Best Portrait, Birds in the Environment, Bird Behavior, Birds in Flight, Black and White, Urban Birds, Comedy Bird Photo, Young Bird Photographer of the Year, Conservation, and Portfolio. This year’s top prize was awarded to a US photographer who had waited for four years to capture the rare moment when a female falcon attacked a much larger pelican to protect her young. It is indeed a stunning image that shows the eyes of the surprised pelican in midair. There are also interesting photos of wild birds in a variety of situations in the article.
Enjoy seeing the gallery to see the selected photos from this year’s bird photography awards.
https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-66706149

9/12/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4158-9/12/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Children in Africa most vulnerable to climate crisis
If you see the photo of this article, you may wonder when it was taken. While many people around the world enjoy modern devices, services, and lifestyles, such as smartphones, ChatGPT, and air-conditioning, there are children who have no access to safe drinking water, proper nutrition, or education in Africa. In fact, over one-third of households in sub-Saharan Africa still do not have access to basic drinking water. Also, two-fifths or over 42 million children of primary and secondary school age in Western Africa do not attend any schools, according to UNICEF.  They are some of the most vulnerable people to the climate crisis in the world as they are exposed to impacts by climate and environment, such as cyclones, heatwaves, and drought. Now, The United Nations Children’s Fund is calling for action to provide enough funding to the vulnerable in Africa.
Read the article and learn about how vulnerable Africa’s children are to climate change.

9/11/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4157-9/11/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Google's search for an AI future as it turns 25
25 years ago this month in a garage in Menlo Park, California, Google was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University. It quickly became the most popular search engine on the Internet and expanded into other products and services, including Gmail, Google Maps, YouTube, and Android, all of which are essential for our daily lives. It became public in 2004, and reorganized itself as a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. in 2015. Alphabet purchased DeepMind, an artificial intelligence research lab in 2014, which became famous for its AlphaGo, an AI program that plays the board game Go in 2016. However, Chat GPT, the chatbot by OpenAI, which is heavily funded by Microsoft, was the one that exploded in the AI world in November 2022. Although Google followed up a few months later with Bart, ChatGPT is still regarded as the leading generative AI platform by many as of now. Will Google/Alphabet play a dominant role in AI like it has been doing in other internet fields?
Enjoy reading the article and learning about Google’s past and its future potential.

9/10/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4156-9/10/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
How is sign language adapting to climate change?
Sign language is a visual and gestural form of communication used by deaf individuals and those with hearing impairments. Instead of using spoken words and sounds, sign language relies on hand movements, facial expressions, body postures, and other non-verbal cues to convey meaning. Just like spoken languages, sign languages are fully developed languages with their own grammatical rules and vocabulary, and there are many different sign languages around the world, such as American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), and Chinese Sign Language (CSL). Even though deaf individuals usually learn to read and write in their native or dominant written language, they may face unique challenges in communicating new scientific terms that aren’t in the glossary, such as biodiversity and carbon footprint. So, BSL has added about 7,000 new signs over the last 15 years to its glossary and provided an online video glossary to demonstrate them. It makes deaf people communicate more easily than finger-spelling words with many letters like greenhouse gasses or photosynthesis with sign language and helps deaf children learn science in their natural language.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about how sign language helps deaf people learn and communicate better.

9/09/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4155-9/9/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Why there's a rush to explore the Moon's enigmatic South Pole
Two days after the Russian moon lander crashed onto the surface, India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission touched down about 600 kilometers from the lunar south pole on August 23 (Vol.4146-8/31/2023). It was the closest ever landing to the South Pole, where not only Russia and India but also the US and China are all planning to research and explore. Why are these big powers trying to explore the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) where the Sun’s rays never reach innards and temperatures drop below -200 degrees Celsius? Well, if it’s permanently cold, water ice could have been stored for hundreds of millions of years. Water could be used as a component of rocket fuels and a source of drinking water and oxygen for human settlement. Also, studying how the rocky moon got water will help researchers learn better about our own planet and other exoplanets. Besides water, the Chandrayaan-3’s suitcase-sized rover measured a surface temperature of around 50 degrees Celsius while it was -10C just 80 millimeters below. We can expect more eye-opening findings soon and in the coming years about the Moon.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about the Moon’s south pole.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230830-the-mysteries-of-the-moons-south-pole

9/08/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4154-9/8/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
China's netizens pass the 1 billion mark
10 years ago, there were about 668 million internet users in China. Now, there are over one billion netizens, according to a report by China’s Internet Network Information Center. It seems that everyone but those who are too old or too young to use a smartphone has access to the Internet. Most of the internet users in China access the internet through mobile devices. They enjoy activities like social media, online shopping and gaming, payment, car-hailing, food deliveries, job search, ticketing, and so on. To support such mobile users, there are over 11 million mobile phone base stations across the country. Indeed, mobile phones and internet access are essential for daily lives and activities in China regardless of nationality. The good news is that foreign visitors now can use online payment like WeChat Pay or Ali Pay. No more currency exchange is needed as cash isn’t so welcomed by shops, drivers, and other service providers in China. With a valid passport and an internet-accessible mobile phone, you can enjoy visiting China without cash.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about how popular the Internet is in China.

9/07/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4153-9/7/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Only one third of young South Koreans feel positively about marriage, survey finds
South Korea’s fertility rate, 0.78 last year, is the lowest in the world. As the cost of living, especially in and around Seoul is too expensive for even upper-middle families, forming a family and raising children is increasingly burdensome. Also, South Korea’s society puts so much emphasis on education and careers that many women delay or forgo getting married or having children. Culturally, women are expected to bear the household and childbearing roles. In addition, South Korean society is becoming more and more individualistic, and people are less likely to want to have children if they feel that it will compromise their personal freedom. And while married couples are expected to have a child, single parentship is still frowned upon in society. So, there are too many reasons for South Korean women to stay away from becoming a wife or parent. In fact, a new government survey found that only 28% of the female respondents aged between 19 and 34, had a positive perception of marriage. What will young South Koreans do in the future?
Read the article and learn about South Korea’s underlying social problems.

9/06/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4152-9/6/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Google tests watermark to identify AI images
Visible watermarks, or transparent watermarks are usually placed on the original image to showcase who the digital property belongs to. On the other hand, digital watermarking is the process of inserting invisible information (a signal) into a component or digitally transmitted data. It can be detected by a computer algorithm to prove the authenticity and integrity of the component or the transmitted data. As AI technology evolves and AI image generators become more popular, it is increasingly becoming more difficult to tell if the image is created by humans or AI unless it is watermarked. So, Google is testing a digital watermark to spot images made by its image generator, Imagen, to identify the copyright of the digitally created image. Indeed, as AI and other digital tools become more sophisticated, the validity of the watermark needs to be ensured whether the artwork is created by whom or AI.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about watermarks on digital artworks.
https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-66618852

9/05/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4151-9/5/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,  
A new scooter every 90 seconds. India’s EV revolution has begun
India is not just a home for 1.4 billion residents, but it is also the world’s largest market for two and three-wheeler vehicles, or motorcycles and tricycles. As public transportation still lags far behind the growing need for personal mobility, there are as many as 250 million such personal transportation vehicles on the road. But India is also known for poor air quality because of waste burning, coal-fueled power plants, biomass burning for cooking, and vehicle emissions. So, the government subsidizes the purchase and use of electric vehicles by narrowing the price gap with fossil-fuel wheelers. As people realized the economic benefits of going electric, sales of electric two and three-wheelers are surging. Now, there are a number of start-up e-vehicle manufacturers trying to take advantage of this golden opportunity. For example, an electric scooter manufacturer near Bangalore, India’s tech hub, produces a new scooter every 90 seconds. Once they’ve developed efficient and competitive production and marketing know-how, they would most likely go to other developing markets, just like Chinese e-vehicle manufacturers have been doing. Another seed and evidence of the global south.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about how India’s e-vehicle market is growing.
https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/22/business/india-electric-vehicles-push-challenges-intl-hnk/index.html

9/04/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4150-9/4/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,    
France to ban female students from wearing abayas in state schools
France has enforced a strict ban on religious signs in state schools since 19th-century laws removed any traditional Catholic influence from public education. French public schools do not permit the wearing of large crosses, Jewish kippas, or Islamic headscarves. In 2004, the country banned headscarves in schools, and in 2010, it passed a ban on full-face veils in public, angering many in its five million-strong Muslim community. Now, the newly-appointed 34-year-old education minister announced that students are banned from wearing the abaya, the loose-fitting full-length robe worn by some Muslim women, in state-run schools from the new school year. He says secularism ensures people social or political freedom and rights through school. The ban has been supported by the rightists while being opposed by the leftists. So, what should those Muslim students wear in the new school year? Isn’t hijab or abaya part of personal identity like other clothing?
Read the article and think about what secularism means to students.

9/03/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4149-9/3/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers,   
Climate change: Thousands of penguins die in Antarctic ice breakup
The emperor penguin is the tallest and heaviest living penguin species that live in Antarctica. Their breeding colonies are on stable pack ice near the coast and up to 18 km offshore. But as summer sea ice diminishes, whether forming later or breaking up earlier due to global warming, their breeding colonies have been threatened. Last year, EU satellites observed a sudden disappearance in emperor penguins' excrement that they had left on the white sea ice when the sea ice beneath broke off and drifted away. Thousands of emperor chicks are feared to have been drowned to death as it occurred in November before they had fledged the slick feathers needed for swimming. (See the photos) It seems that global warming has changed the environment for emperor penguins. They now need to adjust their breeding cycle or relocate their breeding colonies deeper inland for survival. However, adjusting the breeding cycle may take years. Also, if they move further inland, it gets too cold to keep their eggs warm and too difficult to travel to sea to catch fish. They may become endangered unless they make the necessary changes and/or the circumstances improve fast enough.
Read the article and learn how global warming is affecting the lives of vulnerable emperor penguins in Antarctica.
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66492767

9/02/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4148-9/2/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
$2 to cut a sandwich in half: The outrageous rip-offs targeting tourists in Italy
While the number of money-spending Russian tourists declined, more American and Asian vacationers visited Italy this summer than in pre-pandemic years despite the inflated airfare and room rates. In fact, popular tourist destinations in Italy attracted many eager international travelers who had been waiting for the chance during the pandemic. Then hotels, restaurants, and cafes were all ready to make the most money for anything and at every opportunity they served. For example, a couple was charged 2 euros to have their sandwich cut in half, and a mother was billed 2 euros to have her baby’s milk bottle warmed in the microwave in popular tourist places. Even though Italian restaurants and cafes are known as price gougers, this summer’s price hike was too much even for Italian vacationers and made them travel abroad or shorten their vacation schedules. Some of those in Italy’s hospitality industry don’t seem to expect return customers by their services or worry about their reputations. Indeed, ancient monuments and beautiful sceneries may justify the premium over already-high prices, at least to foreign visitors.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about how expensive it is to travel to Italy.
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/outrageous-charges-targeting-tourists-in-italy/index.html

9/01/2023

Topic Reading-Vol.4147-9/1/2023

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Everything you need to know about ETIAS and Europe’s city taxes
In 2009, the US introduced the Electric System for Travel Authorization, ESTA, an automated system that determines the eligibility of visitors to travel to the United States for 90 days or less under the Visa Waiver Program, which allows citizens of 41 countries including the UK, Japan, and Singapore. The travelers who are eligible for ESTA do not need to apply for a visa but still have to pay $21 for two years. Now, the European Union is launching its own visa waiver program called the European Travel Information and Authorization System, ETIAS, starting next year. It’ll allow visitors from 61 non-EU countries to apply for a visa waiver program. The process should take less than 15 minutes online for most applicants while visas generally take up to two weeks to process with an application fee of 7, roughly $7.70 for three years. So, compared to the US’s ESTA, the European visa waiver program costs less and lasts longer. However, there are other tourist taxes in popular destinations in continental Europe, such as Paris, Venice, and Amsterdam, and more to come. Indeed, there are variable costs incurred by visitors to the local community, such as traffic control, trash collection, toilet maintenance, and street cleaning. Those who visit popular places in Europe to enjoy themselves there seem to pay more from next year and beyond.
Enjoy reading the article and learning about Europe’s visa waiver program.