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6/30/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4815-6/30/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
24 of the world’s best salads
A salad is a dish typically consisting of a mixture of ingredients, most commonly vegetables, and often with fruits, nuts, cheese, seafood, or meat. It is usually served at room temperature or sometimes warmed, and is dressed or mixed with salad dressing or oil. Salad can be eaten as an appetizer, intermezzo, side dish, or main dish. Just like soup, rice dishes, or noodles, there are so many varieties of salad dishes around the world, each representing local or regional food culture and produce. How often do you eat salad? Here are some popular salad dishes that you may want to try for your next meal or trip.
Read the article and see the images of 24 popular salad dishes from around the world.

6/29/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4814-6/29/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
'Eldest daughter syndrome' to the rebellious youngest sibling: Does your birth order shape your personality? 
In most developed countries or established societies, the number of family members is shrinking to as few as three or even two. Declining birthrate, unmarried couples, housing costs, inflation, working mothers, and higher education costs, to name a few reasons why parents are contributing to fewer or no children. Do only children have distinctively different personality traits, like selfishness or narcissism, from children with siblings? Also, it is often said that the firstborns are more responsible and caring because they often look after younger siblings. But are there any significant characteristics, behavioral, or intellectual gaps between earlier-borns and later-borns? In fact, the only child or the first-born child tends to have more time to communicate with and learn from their parents, while later-born children often spend more time with their elder siblings. In the meantime, later-borns often have a better chance of growing up in a better financial situation. Another aspect to be taken into consideration is that young siblings are often compared at the same time, which means they are of different ages. For example, if you compare a teenager, the most sensitive age group, with a six or eight-year-old child, the happiest and carefree age, they certainly exhibit very distinct characteristics. Indeed, there seem to be so many aspects to compare siblings.
Read the article and think whether the birth order really matters to the personality or ability of siblings.

6/28/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4813-6/28/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
The women at the centre of Somalia's construction boom
Located on the Horn of Africa, Somalia is the easternmost country in Africa, facing the Gulf of Aden to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Former Italian and British territories united and formed the independent Somali Republic in 1960. However,  the nation had been under domestic conflicts and also suffered a US-backed Ethiopian invasion until 2012, when the Federal Government of Somalia was established. Somalia, with a population of around 18 million, is among the least developed countries in the world, with a large portion of the population living by subsistence farming. In the meantime, in Mogadishu, the capital city, the post-conflict reconstruction has led to a construction and housing boom, and thousands of new buildings have been constructed since 2020. Unfortunately, since this construction boom occurred before building regulations were put into force, there are mounting concerns about the safety of the buildings. Also, the city’s infrastructure, including water and sewage systems, has not caught up with the booming construction. In addition, there is a severe shortage of workforce, particularly construction engineers. Surprisingly for an Islamic society, two young female engineers are now overseeing construction work in a traditionally male-dominated workplace, putting hard hats on their hijabs. Rapid urban development in a least developed country gave young Muslim women the chance to work in a male-dominated construction workplace.
Read the article and learn what is happening in the capital city of Somalia.

6/27/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4812-6/27/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers,
AI to help tell donkeys apart at island sanctuary
Facial recognition is a technology that identifies or verifies a person's identity using their face. It works by comparing a facial image from a camera or a video frame to a database of known faces. Facial recognition is used in various applications, including security systems, smartphone unlocking, law enforcement, airport passenger screening, and automatic ticket gates. It first identifies key facial features from the image, such as the distance between the eyes, the shape of the nose, and the contour of the jawline, and then compares them with the features in the database. Can we use the same or similar technology to identify a particular animal within a herd of cattle? With the help of the University of Southampton, a donkey sanctuary in the Isle of Wight, England, is developing a mobile app to identify particular donkeys by using AI. With the mobile app, visitors will be able to find the identity and profile of the donkey they are interested in soon. In the future, the sanctuary hopes to use the app to help monitor health issues in the animals. Once developed, such technology might help farmers monitor the health and growth of dairy cattle, too.
Read the article and learn how AI can help identify a particular donkey from others.

6/26/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4811-6/26/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Why Ukraine is one of the world's most digital countries
Denmark, Estonia, and Singapore are among the few most recognized leaders in digital government. They use digital technologies and data to transform how governments operate and deliver services to citizens and businesses, including tax, pension, IDs, certification, and elections. For example, Denmark is shutting down its postal service by the end of the year because it can provide governmental services without mail. Ukraine is another country that has an advanced digital government platform, apps, and services. Its digital service portal offers 130 services for 22.7 million users, about 60% of the nation’s population. Since citizens’ data are shared by government departments and organizations, users do not have to re-enter their profile or record again when they apply for a benefit. Also, as the country has been at war against Russia since 2022, users can apply for damage compensation for their property or report the location of Russian troops through the app. What creates a digital divide may not be citizens’ digital literacy but a bureaucratic divide.
Read the article and learn how Ukraine has advanced in digital services.

6/25/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4810-6/25/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
Social media now main source of news in US, research suggests
What is the main source of news for you, if you have any? According to a recent survey, over half of the respondents in the US obtain news from social media, such as Facebook, X, and YouTube. In the meantime, around 50% said they get news from TV, and 48% said they get it from news sites and apps. TV news and news sites cover a wide range of topics from different places and fields, and most of them are fact-based and less biased. In the meantime, SNS news and videos show what their viewers are interested in and are often biased, opinionated, and personalized. Nowadays, younger generations spend much more time on their smartphones and watch TV or read paper media much less or not at all, so you can plan media coverage and count on influencers for your marketing or election campaign. However, you cannot predict a sudden sensation spurred by video clips. An effective media mix and quick response to reactions are essential for today’s campaigns.
Read the article and learn which news source is more popular these days.

6/24/2025

Topic Reading-Vol.4809-6/24/2025

Dear MEL Topic Readers, 
What are rare earth minerals, and why are they central to Trump’s trade war?
Rare earth elements (REEs) are 17 metallic elements in the periodic table made up of scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. Rare earths are ubiquitous in the technologies we rely on today, from smartphones to wind turbines to LED lights and flat-screen TVs. They’re also crucial for batteries in electric vehicles, MRI scanners, and cancer treatments. They are called "rare" not because they are scarce in the Earth's crust, but because they are difficult to find in concentrated, economically viable deposits. Also, while some REEs are relatively abundant, they are usually dispersed and mixed with other elements, making extraction challenging, expensive, and environmentally damaging, which has made China and a few other countries the dominant suppliers of the processed REEs. In fact, while China produces approximately 60% of the world’s raw magnet rare earth elements, it occupies over 90% of the global refined supply. For the USA to domestically process enough REEs for its needs, it’ll take years of financial investment, regulatory approvals, and environmental studies, in addition to access to REEs. No wonder the US administration wants Ukraine and Greenland to become suppliers of REEs.
Read the article and learn what rare earth minerals mean to trade and national security.